Wal Mart Is The Top Of Its Prime - 930 Words

It’s no lie that Wal-Mart is that the top of its prime. Its enormous and rapid expansion has changed towns and cities alike. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer store in America, with more than 11,528 store operating worldwide (Wal-Mart 2016 Our Locations). Running since 1962, Wal-Mart had become the major retail store by 2001 â€Å"with $191 billion in sales† (Carroll and Buchholz 772), with high discount prices and operating four different divisions including Sam’s Clubs warehouse. Many see Wal-Mart as a good and honest company however to others this is not the case. In 1962 when Sam Walton open his first Wal-Mart, he when to target small towns in rural areas of no more than ten thousand people (Carroll and Buchholz 772). What he set off to accomplish was to provide outstanding customer service with a fast friendly service with low priced, high quality merchandise. To give the people convenience and efficiency to his stakeholders, the consumers. People that go sh opping at Wal-Mart in store or www.walmart.com have the financial stake in Wal-Mart. Consumers, which would be Wal-Mart’s external stakeholders, are what makes profits for Wal-Mart and the amount of profit it makes depends on how much or how little people will spend in Wal-Mart’s stores and via the online Walmart store. When we talk about small rural areas the consumers rely on Wal-Mart to provide them with the basic necessities and in return Wal-Mart depends on those consumers. If Wal-Mart were to change location orShow MoreRelatedWal Mart s Ecommerce Innovator1062 Words   |  5 PagesBurt Flickinger From: Mali Zhao Date: 10/21/2015 Re: Wal-Mart’s ecommerce innovator: @WalmartLabs Summary Wal-Mart creates their data center called @Walmarts. They generate data from their customers and operating Wal-Mart’s mobile app, which is their strategy of ecommerce innovation. The local grocery pickup location is Wal-Mart’s strategy on online retailing. They maintain their everyday lowest price to shoppers by using the Wal-Mart mobile app service of Barcode Scanning. The mobile app willRead MoreWal Mart s Marketing Strategy1535 Words   |  7 PagesOverview Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. Wal-Mart’s products and services come with the highest standards, yet the lowest prices. Through innovative thinking and leadership through service, Wal-Mart has shaped itself to what is today and promises to be tomorrow. Wal-Mart promises to provide a better life for their customers, associates, suppliers, and families through lower prices than their competitors. Additionally, Wal-Mart has 23 million associates with 260 million customersRead MoreWal Mart And The Largest Retail Stores Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesdecades, Wal-Mart has grown to become one of the largest retail stores in the world. They operate internationally and keep growing each passing year. They have developed some unique strategies that they have used allowing the company to grow into a multinational company. Various case studies and researches have sought to explain the success of this company over the years. Ken Mark from The University of Western Ontari o conducted a case study on Wal-Mart and came up with some sound conclusions. Wal-Mart’sRead MoreWal Walmarts Electronic Commerce Platform1223 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart seeks to Outperform Amazon’s Electronic Commerce Platform It is no secret that when the holidays are near, big retail companies work extra hard to stock enough products to meet consumer demand. Immediately, two huge retailers come to mind: Wal-Mart and Amazon. The two companies dominate their markets by landslides. Wal-Mart is Forbes 500 number one company, and it has been for the past three years (Forbes, 2015). However, Wal-Mart is feeling some opposition from the electronic commerceRead MoreInternal And External Factors Of Wal Mart1176 Words   |  5 Pages Wal-mart has seen itself become a retail giant over the past decades. They have an enormous amount of control over both consumers and suppliers. Brands literally sacrifice profit margins to have shelf space within their stores. With the addition of grocery brands as well, Wal-mart has positioned itself as a â€Å"one-stop† destination for all consumer’s needs. However, there are various internal and external factors that affect the four functions of Management positively or negatively. OrganizationsRead MorePower and Politics1591 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations enhancement tool to survive and fulfill goals. Power and Politics, though closely related, share similarities and differences but ultimately work together for the success of an organization. With this discussion of power and politics, Wal-Mart will be the prime example of how power and politics are differential in a globally known organization. Power There are two types of power that influence both individual and organizational behaviors. The first one, known as Position Power is widelyRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Wal Mart1109 Words   |  5 PagesRivalry: Target’s top competitors include Wal-Mart, Costco, Dollar General, Best Buy, and Amazon.com. Target focuses more on providing products that are superior in quality. Wal-Mart focuses on offering products at a lower price. Currently, Target is promising to match the prices of its competitors by proposing to match the lowest price of specific items. â€Å"Expect more, pay less,† is Target’s motto. Some Target stores offer â€Å"Shops at Target† where store space is allocated for boutiques that carryRead MorePrinciples And Practices Of Leadership Project1385 Words   |  6 Pages Principles and Practices of Leadership Project Institution: Patten University I. Leadership Context Wal-Mart Incorporation is a giant discounting retail store that was founded by Sam Walton in Rodgers Bentonville, Arkansas in the year 1962. Sam Walton headed the company as its Chief Executive Officer until 1988 when he retired and his position was assumed by David Glass then followed by Lee Scott, Mike Duke and the current CEO who is Doug McMillon. McMillon has been among one ofRead MoreWalmart Case Study Analysis1850 Words   |  8 PagesFor decades, Wal-Mart has held the title of the American retailer (although it is international) where people can get products for the lowest price possible. As the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart has been looked at as a role model for many competitors who desired the profits Wal-Mart has received in past periods. The founder, Sam Walton, began to design his stores in 1962 to the have everyday low pricing (EDLP) method, opposed to the popular at the time hi-lo pricing. Lucky for Walton, throughoutRead MoreBenefits Of A Virtual Techno logy Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesCase Summary: When thinking about the top three points in the Kimberly –Clack case indicates the way customer’s shop in-store opposed to virtually. The case demonstrates that there several adjustments that need to be completed with Virtual Technology. These changes to this form of technology present an integrating end to the traditional method for shopping in the business sector. In implementing these strategies/changes will permit â€Å"quicker feedback, more economical and adequate training along with

Nike Reebok - 4026 Words

Company Overviews Nike In 1964 in Oregon, Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman join together to make a new enterprise; each contributed about $500 to the partnership. The company started bringing low priced and high tech athletic shoes from Japan to replace the German domination of athletic shoes in the industry. In 1971, a graphic design student created the Swoosh trademark for a $35 fee. In the same year Jeff Johnson, Blue Ribbon Sports first employee, made his most durable contribution to the company in coming up with a new name, Nike, after the Greek goddess of victory. NIKE is the world s #1 shoemaker and controls over 20% of the US athletic shoe market. Reebok Reebok s ancestor-based company came from the United Kingdom and it†¦show more content†¦Consumers The bargaining power of consumers is medium to high. The power of purchases made by the individual buyers group is not concentrated in large volumes and the products that the consumer purchases are not standardized. With low switching costs in process and with so many buyers, the shoes industry has to be updated very often. Furthermore, the industry sets and creates the fads and determines what is hot. On the other hand, the buyers, like corporate retailers and sports teams, have very high bargaining powers. Because, the shoes they wear have to be changed often and also sports teams can become great advertisers for any given company. Potential Entrants The threat of new entrants into the industry is low. The start-up costs are somewhat high, consumer loyalty within the market is moderate and the learning curve is pretty short. The entrance barriers are high in that the capital requirements are high due to up-front advertising and research and development. Also, economies of scale in production will be difficult to reach due to the difficulties of penetrating the market that is dominated by the large five: Nike, Reebok, Coverse, LA Gear, and Stride-Rite. Furthermore, it will be almost impossible to achieve product differentiation in terms of brand identification and product difference, since the big five set the trends. Also,Show MoreRelatedNike vs. Reebok1378 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others)Read More Company Overviews of Nike and Reebok Essay3983 Words   |  16 PagesCompany Overviews of Nike and Reebok In 1964 in Oregon, Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman join together to make a new enterprise; each contributed about $500 to the partnership. The company started bringing low priced and high tech athletic shoes from Japan to replace the German domination of athletic shoes in the industry. In 1971, a graphic design student created the Swoosh trademark for a $35 fee. In the same year Jeff Johnson, Blue Ribbon Sports’ first employee, made his most durable contributionRead MoreCompetative Analysis: Puma, Reebok, Adidas and Nike.1192 Words   |  5 PagesReethink,Reesport,Reejoy.Always challenge and lead through creativity. | Price Analyzing the prices of Puma and comparing with its competitor prices was discovered, that all of them are more or less on the same price levels – medium to high. Although, Nike and Adidas products are mostly expensive, while Puma is providing products for affordable prices. Today’s Puma is not only sport clothing and equipment, but also accessories. Puma nail polish, deodorant, shower gels and perfume are easy to find notRead MoreNike vs. Reebok1362 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others) wasRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcing productionRead MoreNike : An American Inspired Fitness Brand That Relishes Global Success1685 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Mission Reebok is an American-inspired fitness brand that relishes global success. The innovation strategy within the company s roots is to create clothing and accessories allowing the athlete to train at their maximum potential. By using the technologies available as well as innovating to create new sport apparel, reebok can provide a material benefit to consumer’s fitness activities. The direct mission of the Reebok company is to â€Å"Challenge and lead the fitness world through creativityRead MoreReebok Ad Campaigns1739 Words   |  7 PagesREEBOK Introduction: Reebok is the oldest running shoe company, having been started by a cobbler in the UK in the 1890s. Capitalizing on American Paul Fireman’s foresight into the dance craze, aerobic craze, and later the rise of casual street basketball shoes, Reebok quickly became the number-one selling running shoe, easily beating and staying ahead of the then near-15-year-old Nike. In 1988, Reebok launched its first brand campaign, U.B.U. (ie, Reebok lets you be you). However, it went up againstRead MoreCase Study : Western Canadian Shoe Association1322 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the market’s needs to ensure the success of their businesses. Such information can be gained through research. The industry that will form the basis of this paper is Western Canadian Shoe Association. The three brands under study are Reebok, Adidas, and Nike. Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore three companies by focusing on how the brands have been performing as well as what the customers and other stakeholders are saying about the different brands. This study will also summarizeRead MoreThe Advertisement Chosen For A Reebok918 Words   |  4 Pages The advertisement chosen is for a Reebok featured sneaker. The brand sells sports apparel that sells predominantly shoes but also branches out into sports clothing. Reebok offers consumers a wide variety of high quality yet affordable sportswear that is manufactured with â€Å"the hardest working player† in mind. The brand currently features NFL Texan’s defensive end J.J. Watt as one of their representatives. Everything about Watt screams agility, determination, and relentlessness which are some ofRead MoreA Case Study on Lady Foot Locker: the Lobo Launch1978 Words   |  8 Pagespartnership with Reebok. Was there retail potential in a signature product built around an em erging professional women’s player such as Rebecca Lobo? Did it make sense financially? II. Objectives of the Study This study seeks the following objectives: - to be able to understand the market potential of LFL shoes in partnership of Reebok - to determine the profitability of the partnership and the launch - to know whether the decision of being partners with Reebok on the Lobo launch

Assessing the Value of Electronic Medical Records - 795 Words

Assessing the Value of Electronic Medical Records Introduction The potential for Electronic Medical Records (EMR) to transform healthcare making it more accurate, efficient and cost-effective is significant. Studies indicate that the most common workflows and processes that EMR systems are used for automating can save a healthcare provider up to 67% of the total costs of correcting error-filled reports and minimizing the costs of malpractice insurance as a result (Walker, 2005). The best and most significant Return on Investment (ROI) of all however are the significant gains made in patients recovery time and effectiveness of treatment programs (Darr, Harrison, Shakked, Shalom, 2003). Between the cost reductions made possible through effective use of EMR systems and the ROI of saving lives, the collection of these technologies, systems and processes show significant potential in streamlining patient-based workflows while increasing the quality of care (Richards, Prybutok, Ryan, 2012). Analysis Of EMR Benefits To The Patient And Healthcare Providers The greater the accuracy and efficiency of analysis and diagnosis of a given condition or disease, the more completely a physician can define a treatment plan with a high probability of success. EMR systems provide a single system of record for the entire treatment history of a patient, including any previously-attempted treatment programs and their results (Walker, 2005). This system of record on a per-patient basisShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics And Ethical Hacking968 Words   |  4 Pagesto the recent success the Department of Defense (DoD) using ethical hacking. In short, the DoD’s successful hacking event led to the discussion of using ethical hacking in the healthcare industry and the apprehensions some may have towards it. Assessing the Advantages Disadvantages The article by Slabodkin (2016) addresses advantages and disadvantages regarding ethical hacking in the healthcare industry. The consumers of the internet need to be well informed about what is emerging and whetherRead MoreImportance Of Administrative And Practice Management1088 Words   |  5 Pagesadministrative and management practices, such as Without a proper administrative structure, even highly skilled medical, dental, and/or mental health professional will not be able to provide the care, they would like to provide, at the level they would like to provide that care. Therefore, developing efficient and effective management structure is essential to the success of your medical, dental, mental health practice, federally qualified health center (FQHC) or mental health center/organizationRead MoreSystems Thinking And The Health Care System832 Words   |  4 Pagesit its own intangible challenges that, if not documented and addressed, will both slow improvement and present new harm. This SMAC allowed us to see the challenges that healthcare system faces and how they analyzed and apply systems thinking in assessing them. Understanding the challenges by completion of a SWOT analysis. Which required the development of an action plan of improvement for patient safety by implementing and maintaining new processes and practices such has how can the functionsRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System Of The United States877 Words   |  4 Pagesboundaries, changing all industries involved. In health care, the advancement in science and technology play an important role in almost all process from patient registration to data monitoring, from lab tests to self-care. The emergence of electronic medical record system (EMR), portal technology, remote monitoring tools, wireless communication telemedicine, sensors and wearable technology, Pharmacogenomics are all examples of advancements in the health care that have emerged over the last few yearsRead MoreEffect Of Change On Healthcare1283 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and implementing protocols and policies based on evidenced based practices. We now live in a world of healthcare where our medical records are electronic, and patients can communicate with their providers through telecare. For most people in the medical field, change is viewed as positive: shorter wait times in the ER, easier access to medical records, and better communication between patients and their providers. There are still some people who refuse to implement change due to fearRead MoreInfluence On The Workplace Settings1339 Words   |  6 Pagesregistration, and medical necessity. The influence on clinical care is with di sease and case management, DRG assignment and case mix management, clinical documentation and coding, care guidelines or protocols, and nursing documentation. Billing and financial systems are also affecting for health plan contracting, coding, claims processing, payment policy, and physician reimbursement management. Health information systems impacted include; clinical documentation and coding; electronic health record and CPOE;Read MoreA Brief Note On The Computerized Patient Record System Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesComputerized Patient Record System (CPRS) was released at a national level. (Lovis, 2011). CPRS has been made possible because of the extensive set of clinical and administrative application within VistA. VistA is the Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture. It is VA s Health Information Technology (IT) system. It provides an integrated inpatient and outpatient electronic health record for VA patients, and administrative tools to help VA deliver quality medical care to VeteransRead MoreCvcu Case Study1213 Words   |  5 PagesScores, and descriptive clinical data points as part of their routine clinical care in the adult CVICU. During the course of this study, the researcher reviewed and collected data from the patients’ medical records located in a high-volume, adult CVICU at Memorial Hermann Hospital, an academic medical center located in Houston, Texas. Estimates projected from the current literature determined the sample size for this study (Andrejaitiene Sirvinskas, 2012; Henao-Castano Amaya-Rey, 2014). SinceRead MoreHSA 501 Assignment 1 Value Proposition in Patient Care Essay example1311 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 1: Value Proposition in Patient Care Tabitha Christina Trisvan HSA 501 Management in Healthcare Dr. Judy Jean January 25, 2015 1. The meaning of value-added service Responsible Reform for the Middle Class stated, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care and will create the transformation within the health care system necessary to contain costs. One part of the transformation is theRead MoreAbstract. .Background: Uninsured Patients With Diabetes1507 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Background: Uninsured patients with diabetes are at increased risk for poor outcomes and often have limited access to health and prescription services necessary to manage diabetes. The Cooper Rowan Clinic is a medical student-run, attending-supervised free clinic that offers primary care to the uninsured individuals in the Camden New Jersey area. Student-run clinics are emerging safety-net practices for the uninsured; but despite the growing number of clinics that currently operate across

Why I Should Go Home Now - 1257 Words

The cherry blossoms were blowing in the wind, the sun was peering through the clouds. As an only child, I always felt responsible for upholding the family honour. See my father was once an excellent warrior but after being injured in a war he has not fought since. My Mother always said, â€Å"Don’t worry about your father. Focus on marriage.† I never think I will ever be ready for marriage, I’m always told that I m clumsy. It was that time again where they see if i m ready for marriage. That morning my mother and I were looking for my special kimono. It was no where in the house. It came down to 10 minutes. Yet I still couldn’t find my kimono. Since I could not find it, I was forced to use my mother’s kimono. When I arrived, the lady just stared at me. I knew what she was about to say. â€Å"You’re late, I think you should go home now. Next time we see each other, to be on time. She’s said it about 5 times now. Hours passed and the sun was setting into the clouds. The wind started to pick up and it started to lightly rain. While I was getting ready for bed, I heard the doorbell ring. My father went to the door and was handed a letter reading, â€Å"The chinese army needs 1 man from every family to help in the war. Sincerely Emperor. When I heard the news, I almost cried, My father is too old and too sick to fight again. I don t want him to go to war but there is nothing I can do about it. I know I have to try and do something. Every possible way that I think of is runningShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesAs being modern women I think most women are feminist. We want to be seen as equals to males. The feminist meaning is to believe that a woman holds as much power as a man. This has been true for centuries....despite the male dominated societies. If you’re wondering what I mean well two examples of women who were feminist despite their time were Cleopatra and Rose the Riveter. These women rose above the station they were given in life to prove that women were capable of doing the same work as menRead MoreThere s No Other Woman For Me1630 Words   |  7 Pagesfor me besides you.#10; - Am I dreaming? - If it is a dream... then don t wake me up. Do you even love Smangele? You re going into a loveless marriage. You don t have to marry her just so you can be a good father. Zikodes... Mashimanes... we ask that... as Smangele s getting married... you give her an abundance of blessings. Dad, let go off me!#10; What do you think you re doing? Dressed like the bride and making a fool out of yourself? #10; - I didn t know that this is the ZuluRead MoreBook Review on Life Strategies for Teens1519 Words   |  7 Pagesway that teens can easily understand. These Life Laws are to get us understand more why our lives are like this at the moment, what we have done has led our lives to be like this. The Laws are to help us to get back onto the right track with life, dealing with the problems we face, creating our own lives and future. It tells us that it is up to ourselves to create a life that we want; it is all by our control. I haven’t learnt really much, in a narrow speaking definition, of studying in this bookRead MoreDo Not Challenge an Owl802 Words   |  3 Pageshim. As Potatoession got closer, she noticed owl feathers all over the pegasus wing, which was now broken. â€Å"What the underworld are owl feathers doing on a pegasus wing?† She said to herself. â€Å"Maybe he ran into an owl... weird.† The pegasus whined in pain. Potatoession, not knowing that she shouldve just put him in the water, hauled the poor animal onto her boat. As she was sailing home, a loud rumble from inside the water shook her boat and roared out. Slowly but surely, a face appearedRead MoreShort Story821 Words   |  4 PagesI was in the house looking at the sheriff suits that Deanna gave Rick and I and Rick walked in through the door and I said I dont know if this is some kind of play, handing authority to strangers.The authority to break up fistfights.If it was just that, she should have given one of these to Daryl.Rick said I dont know if its for us or for them. Or maybe Deannas trying to get rid of us and them.You put these jackets on me and you, have the people see it.If thats the play, thatd be smart.Read MoreA Letter to My Sick Grandpa1079 Words   |  5 PagesGrandpa? I hope you are doing fine. *boleh ke guna as fit as a fiddle?* It’s been long since I last wrote you a letter. I am truly sorry as I am busy burning the midnight oil to pass my examination with flying colours. I am narrating this letter to you is to tell you about some good news and bad news. I will tell you the bad news first so that you will be smiling when you are done reading this letter. Grandpa, is there something wrong? You know, last week I received a letter from home saying thatRead MoreEqual Rights and Gender Equality1631 Words   |  6 Pageseasier if it was Equal for both a men and a women. Where it’s at home, at work, or even at school. Why does one gender have to be better than another? ‘’Achieving Gender equality in education means that boys and girls will have equal opportunities to realize their full human rights and contribute to and benefit from economic, social, cultural, and political development.’’ Our generation can benefit so much. But it if they can benefit why is this only happening in 35 states instead of all over the worldRead MoreThe Boy - Original Writing1667 Words   |  7 Pages  Once upon a time, there was this boy, now this boy was a strange boy he never talked to anyone he didn t have any friends, and no one knew his name. Some boys at his school would come up to him and say hi or would try to ask f or his name but this strange boy would just tell them to go anyway, the boy didn t seem to have a problem with having no friends, but then when this boy grew older and got in high school he meet this girl,Her name was Evangeline. Evangeline was the prettiest girl in schoolRead MoreWhy Women Should Fight The Front Line1321 Words   |  6 PagesWhy I Believe Women Should Be On The Front Line I believe women should fight side by side with men. I believe women are equal to men, there s only a physical difference but we are all the same. Women can do everything a man can. If women fight in the front line i think there would be less casualties than there right now. Although women should be fighting in front line in the military many believe they should not. More than 200,000 position will still be remain exclusive to men. women wonRead MoreShould Students Live On Campus?1511 Words   |  7 PagesHere at Walsh, the campus may be small but the freshman dorm rooms are even smaller. This makes it extremely hard for some individuals to fit all their belongings into their room. But, I do not want to hear â€Å"my roommate and I have so much stuff we can barely fit† because some students are placed in the same sized dorm room with three people instead of two people. My problem with this is, that the rooms are only equipped with two closets no matter what. That means, either two people must share the

Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically Free Essays

Therapists believe that this s the best approach as it directly addresses a child’s thoughts and behavior and teaches them to challenge those that are unhelpful (Glared and Glared, 2008). In doing this, it allows children and adolescents to practice techniques for behavioral change in the safety of a therapy environment, which they can then transfer to other fields (Kendall, as cited by Kaplan, Thompson and Coarsen 1995). When undertaking CB with a child or adolescent their developmental stage needs to be taken Into consideration as it may have an influence on the effectiveness of the therapy (Durbar s cited by Kaplan et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1995) and also create limitations to what they can do. Grave and Blithest (2004) suggests that between the ages of 5 and 8 developmental immaturity occurs. Harrington (2003) states that some techniques within CB require the patient to possess certain cognitions to carry out tasks and if the patient is at a developmental stage where they cannot complete the tasks then a barrier is formed. Clark (2005) proposes that sessions need to be ‘developmentally appropriate’ and engage the child; adolescents are more able to participate in more adult sessions, whereas younger children may benefit from treatment centered around play. This is demonstrated by Grave and Blithest (2004) who state that combining CB and play is an â€Å"effective way of communicating with young children† (peg. 414) The child’s developmental stage may also govern how much adult involvement there will be In the therapy; Clark (2005) highlights that â€Å"the younger the child, the more likely It Is that parents may become Involved In treatment† (peg. 130), this Is due to the on-going developmental changes and the child’s dependency. Kaplan et al. 1995) state that arenas should be educated in the cognitive behavioral techniques being used and when the child attempts to use something learned in therapy at home, should give positive feedback and assume the role of co-therapist. Harrington (2003) discusses how the role of an adult can enhance the therapy as they can communicate things to the therapist that the child may be reluctant to talk about. There are also ethical Issues to be taken into consideration when u ndertaking CB with adolescents. Kendal and Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) highlight that it is adults, usually parents, ho accompany children and adolescents to therapy sessions and although not the patient themselves, dictate what issues they would Eke the therapy to address. Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) continues to discuss how this may create a to the treatment for children and young people as it teaches them techniques that they can later call upon when facing similar situations in the future. How to cite Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically, Papers

Venezuela free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Economy As A Whole Essay, Research Paper VENEZUELA? S ECONOMY AS A WHOLE Economy Venezuela is rich in oil and other mineral resources. Its per capita income is approximately mean for Latin America. The state # 8217 ; s public external debt ( excepting the duties of the cardinal bank and PDVSA, the parastatal oil company ) stood at about $ 26.5 billion in 1996. The economic system grew by 4.5 % in existent footings in 1997. Consumer monetary values rose merely 37.6 % in 1997 compared to the record 103 % of 1996. The authorities is trusting for rising prices of 24 % during 1998. The Venezuelan economic system is doing a rejoinder under the Agenda Venezuela, propelled chiefly by the gap of the crude oil sector to foreign investing ( the # 8220 ; apertura # 8221 ; ) , a far-reaching denationalization plan, and programs to reform public sector operations. Oil monetary values have shown a continual diminution since 1996, which is functioning to gnaw the budgetary excess from 4.5 % in 1996 to an estimated 1.5 % in 1997. In July 1996, the Venezuelan Government and the IMF officially announced a $ 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Venezuela or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4 billion stand-by loan. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank are besides lending to attempts to advance cardinal structural reforms # 8211 ; in the bench, electoral system, and societal security/severance wage plans. Petroleum and Other Resources Venezuela # 8217 ; s economic system is dominated by crude oil, and the state is a founding member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) . In 1997, this sector accounted for more than one-fourth of GDP, about three-fourthss of export net incomes, and about half of cardinal authorities # 8217 ; s grosss. Most of Venezuela # 8217 ; s energy exports consist of rough oil, but the state is besides the United States # 8217 ; taking foreign beginning of refined crude oil merchandises. The Government of Venezuela has opened up much of the hydrocarbon sector to foreign investing, advancing the constitution of monolithic new petrochemical articulation ventures and reactivation of inactive Fieldss. The Venezuelan crude oil corporation and foreign oil companies signed eight contracts for geographic expedition and production joint ventures in July 1996. These contracts are expected to bring forth over $ 15 billion in foreign investing. A scope of other natural resources, including Fe ore, diamonds, coal, bauxite, hydroelectric power, gold, and Nis are in assorted phases of development. In 1996, CVG, the state-owned excavation house, announced its first joint venture with a foreign company to develop the Las Cristinas gold mine. Congress is besides sing statute law which would update Venezuela # 8217 ; s 1945 excavation jurisprudence in an attempt to promote greater private sector engagement in mineral extraction. Fabrication, Agriculture, and Trade Manufacturing contributed 15.6 % of GDP in 1997. The fabrication sector grew somewhat ( 2.2 % ) in direct contrast with the contraction in 1996. Venezuela industries and exports steel, aluminium, fabrics, dress, drinks, and groceries. It besides produces cement, tyres, paper, and fertilisers, and assembles autos for both the domestic and export market. The # 8220 ; Agenda Venezue la† envisions the denationalization of a scope of state-owned endeavors, including Bankss. Agribusiness histories for 4 % of GDP, 12 % of the labour force, and 24 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s land country. Venezuela exports beef, rice, java, and chocolate. However, the state is non self-sufficing in most countries of agricultural production and imports about 60 % of nutrient consumed. In 1996, U.S. houses exported about $ 475 million of agricultural merchandises including wheat, soya beans, maize, soymeal, and cotton to Venezuela, our third-largest agricultural export market in Latin America. The U.S. normally accounts for somewhat more than a 3rd of Venezuela # 8217 ; s nutrient imports. Thankss to petroleum exports, Venezuela normally posts a trade excess. In recent old ages, non-traditional ( i.e. non-petroleum ) exports have been turning quickly but still constitute merely about one-quarter of entire exports. The United States is Venezuela # 8217 ; s taking trade spouse. During the first 10 months of 1997, the United States registered $ 3.0 billion in exports ( about 38 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s entire ) and purchased $ 12.9 billion in imports ( about 55 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s entire ) . Venezuela # 8217 ; s trade with other Andean Pact members, peculiarly Colombia, is turning in importance. Labor and Infrastructure Venezuela # 8217 ; s labour force of about 8.8 million is turning faster than entire employment. At the terminal of 1997, official unemployment was 12.8 % , but unofficial estimations are higher. The public sector employs 14 % of the work force, while less than 1 % work in the capital-intensive oil industry. About 25 % of the labour force is nonionized. Unions are peculiarly strong in the populace sector. Venezuela has an extended route system. With the exclusion of air service, transit and communications have failed to maintain gait with the state # 8217 ; s demands. Much of the substructure suffers from unequal care. Caracas has a modern metro, but merely one working rail line serves the remainder of the state. Economic indexs GDP ( 1997 est. ) : $ 72.1 billion. Growth rate ( 1997 ) : 4.5 % . GDP per capita: $ 3,164. Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, Fe ore, gold, other minerals, hydroelectric power, bauxite. Agriculture ( 4.7 % of GDP ) : Products # 8211 ; rice ; java ; maize ; sugar ; bananas ; dairy, meat, and domestic fowl merchandises. Petroleum industry ( 27.6 % of GDP ) : Oil refinement, petrochemicals. Manufacturing ( 15.6 % of GDP ) : Types # 8211 ; Fe and steel, paper merchandises, aluminium, fabrics, conveyance equipment, consumer merchandises, and crude oil refinement. Trade ( 1997 est. ) : Exports # 8211 ; $ 23.7 billion: crude oil ( $ 18.3 billion ) , Fe ore, java, steel, aluminium, chocolate. Major markets # 8211 ; U.S. ( Jan.-Oct.1997, 55 % ) , Japan, Germany, Colombia, Nederlands, Brazil, Italy. Imports # 8211 ; $ 10.6 billion: machinery and conveyance equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, groceries. Major providers # 8211 ; U.S. ( Jan.-Oct. 1997, 38 % ) , Japan, Germany, France, Canada, Italy, Colombia, Brazil. Exchange rate ( Dec. 1997 ) : 504.25 bolivars=U.S. $ 1.

Rain Water Harvesting free essay sample

RAINWATER HARVESTING Other Information In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system. As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by peoples initiative and active public participation. Living creatures of the universe are made of five basic elements, viz. , Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Sky, Obviously, water is one of the most important elements and no creature can survive without it. Despite having a great regard for water, we seem to have failed to address this sector seriously. Human being could not save and conserve water and it sources, probably because of its availability in abundance. But this irresponsible attitude resulted in deterioration of water bodies with respect to quantity and quality both. Now, situation has arrived when even a single drop of water matters. However. better late than never, we have not realized the seriousness of this issue and initiated efforts to overcome those problems. System of collection rainwater and conserving for future needs has traditionally been practiced in India. The traditional systems were time-tested wisdom of not only appropriate technology of Rainwater Harvesting, but also water management systems, where conservation of water was the prime concern. Traditional water harvesting systems were Bawaries, step wells, Jhiries, lakes, tanks etc. These were the ater storage bodies to domestic and irrigation demands. People were themselves responsible for maintenance to water sources and optimal use of water that could What is Rainwater harvesting? The term rainwater harvesting is being frequently used these days, however, the concept of water harvesting is not new for India. Water harvesting techniques had been evolved and developed centuries ago. Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to indiscriminate development and rapid urbainzation, exposed surface for soil has been reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby epleting ground water resource. Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural filtration of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods. Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of water, for drinking, domestic purpose irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting. Why harvest rainwater ? This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as to why one should harvest rainwater. There are many reasons but following are some of the important ones. To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table To beneficiate ater quality in aquifers To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon To reduce soil erosion To inculcate a culture of water conservation How to harvest rainwater: Broadly there are two ways of harvesting rainwater: Surface runoff harvesting Surface runoff harvesting: In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods. Roof top rainwater harvesting (RTRWH): It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/ uilding. It can either be stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the ground water level of the area. Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in the following typical schematic diagram/ The system mainly constitutes of following sub components: 5 Catchment Transportation First flush Filter The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting ystem. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the harvesting system. torage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material. First Flush First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first hower of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will also help in cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons Provisions of first rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe. There is always some skepticism regarding Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting since doubts are raised that rainwater may contaminate groundwater. There is remote possibility of this fear coming true if proper filter mechanism is not adopted. Secondly all care must be taken to see that underground sewer drains are not unctured and no leakage is taking place in close vicinity. Filters are used fro treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing of rainfall, water should pass through filters. There are different types of filters in practice, but basic function is to purify water. Sand Gravel Filter These are commonly used filters, constructed by brick masonry and filleted by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in the fgure. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Charcoal Filter as shown in the fgure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be eparated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any. PVC- Pipe filter This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1. 20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is divided into three compartments by wire mesh. Each component should be filled with gravel and sand alternatively as shown in the fgure. A layer of charcoal could also be inserted between two layers. Both ends of filter should have reduce of required size to connect inlet and outlet. This filter could be placed horizontally or vertically in the system. Sponge Filter It is a simple filter made from PVC drum having a layer of sponge in the middle of drum. It is the easiest and cheapest form filter, suitable for residential units. Methods of Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting Storage of Direct use storage tank. The storage tank has to be designed according to the water requirements, rainfall and catchment availability. Each drainpipe should have mesh filter at mouth and first flush device followed by filtration system before connecting to the storage tank. It is advisable that each tank should have excess water over flow Excess water could be diverted to recharge system. Water from storage tank can be used for secondary purposes such as washing and gardening etc. This is the most cost effective way of rainwater harvesting. The main advantage of collecting and using the rainwater during rainy season is not only to save water from conventional sources, but also to save energy incurred on transportation and distribution of water at the doorstep. This also conserve groundwater, if it is being extracted to meet the demand when rains are on. Recharging ground water aquifers Ground water aquifers can be recharged by various kinds of structures to ensure ercolation of rainwater in the ground instead of draining away from the surface. Commonly used recharging methods are:- a) b) c) d) e) f) Recharging of bore wells Recharging of dug wells. Recharge pits Recharge Trenches Soak ways or Recharge Shafts Percolation Tanks Rainwater collected from rooftop of the building is diverted through drainpipes to settlement or filtration tank. After settlement filtered water is diverted to bore wells to recharge deep aquifers. Abandoned bore wells can also be used for recharge. Optimum capacity of settlement tank/filtration tank can be designed on the basis of rea of catchement, intensity of rainfall and recharge rate as discussed in design parameters. While recharging, entry of floating matter and silt should be restricted because it may clog the recharge structure. first one or two shower should be flushed out through rain separator to avoid contamination. This is very important, and all care should be taken to ensure that this has been done. Recharge Pits Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular, square or circular, contracted with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. to of pit can be covered with perforated covers. Bottom of pit should be filled with filter media. The capacity of the pit can be designed on the basis of catchment area, rainfall intensity and recharge rate of soil. Usually the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to 2 m width and 2 to 3 m deep depend ing on the depth of pervious strata. These pits are suitable for recharging of shallow aquifers, and small houses. Soak away or Recharge Shafts less pervious. These are bored hole of 30 cm dia. up to 10 to 15 m deep, depending on depth of pervious layer. Bore should be lined with slotted/perforated PVC/MS pipe to prevent collapse of the vertical sides. At the top of soak away required size ump is constructed to retain runoff before the filters through soak away. Sump should be filled with filter media. Recharging of dug wells Dug well can be used as recharge structure. Rainwater from the rooftop is diverted to dug wells after passing it through filtration bed. Cleaning and desalting of dug well should be done regularly to enhance the recharge rate. The filtration method suggested for bore well recharging could be used. Recharge trench in provided where upper impervious layer of soil is shallow. It is a trench excavated on the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbats. t is usually made for harvesting the surface runoff. Bore wells can also be provided inside the trench as recharge shafts to enhance percolation. The length of the trench is decided as per the amount of runoff expected. This method is suitable for small houses, playgrounds, parks and roadside drains. The recharge trench can be of size 0. 50 to 1. 0 m wide and 1. 0 to 1. 5 m deep. Percolation tanks Percolation tanks are artificially created surface water bodies, submerging a land area with adequate permeability to facilitate sufficient percolation to recharge the ground water. These can be built in big campuses where land is available and Surface run-off and roof top water can be diverted to this tank. Water accumulating in the tank percolates in the solid to augment the ground water. The stored water can be used directly for gardening and raw use. Percolation tanks should be built in gardens, open spaces and roadside green belts of urban area. Dos and Donts Harvested rainwater is used for direct usage or for recharging aquifers. It is most important to ensure that the rainwater caught is free from pollutants. Following precautionary measures should be taken while harvesting rainwater:- Roof or terraces uses for harvesting should be clean, free from dust, algal plants etc. Roof should not be painted since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off. Do not store chemicals, rusting iron, manure or detergent on the roof. Nesting of birds on the roof should be prevented. Terraces should not be used for toilets either by human beings or by pets. Provide gratings at mouth of each drainpipe on terraces to trap leaves debris and floating materials. Provision of first rain separator should be made to flush off first rains. Do not use polluted water to recharge ground water. Ground water should only be recharged by rainwater. Before recharging, suitable arrangements of filtering should be provided. Filter media should be cleaned before every monsoon season.