Criminal Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law - Assignment Example The court is relied upon to complete three various types of tests, for example, target test where the specific court credits the components of mens rea dependent on the way that any of the sensible people that have indistinguishable sort of capacities and information from is controlled by the individual that is charged for this situation is required to have such sort of components. The subsequent test is the abstract; in this test the court is relied upon to make a foundation with respect to what the individual blamed was thinking for at the time he caused the actus Reus. At long last, another test is the crossover that includes both target and emotional tests (van cave Haag, 1978, p 27). These contentions was progressed by Dori Kimel for his situation remark, ‘Inadvertent wildness in criminal law’ (2004) LQR 548, where she examinations and basically assesses the choices of the House of Lords in R v G [2003] UKHL 50; [2004] 1 A.C. 1034 and R. v Caldwell (James) [1982] A. C. 341. This paper will along these lines quickly recognize the key contentions progressed by Kimel in her examination of the two cases. Further, it will examine whether Kimel’s basic assessment of the two choices is influentially contended. Contentions progressed by Kimel in his investigation The realities of the case was that there were two young men who were matured 12 and 11 years, they are accounted for to have been enjoying nature with no specific authorization by their folks when they decoded to go to the terrace of a close by shop in the first part of the day, they had papers that they had lit. The papers that they had lit are accounted for to have caused fire in close by container that was situated against the mass of the shop, the fire promptly spread up the divider and in the long run onto the rooftop. The fire caused an expected harm of $1m. The two kids made a contentions that they were anticipating that the fire should inevitably consume itself out and didn't gi ve any idea to the hazard that could be caused incase the fire spread (Kimel, 2003, p 21). In the judgment of the House of Lords, Lord Bingham really observed the need of adjusting the meaning of Lord Diplock so as to guarantee that early stages of the guard was represented which was containing the naughty carefulness idea. This standard required the different courts to make a thought of the degree the kids who were matured from at least eight years might have an away from of the distinctions that existed among off-base and right. In this manner, the test that was specified by Diplock of conspicuousness was required to really work in unjustifiable way for the two youngsters incase they were inevitably held to a similar specific principles the sensible grown-ups were held to. The courts at long last held that the litigant must be plainly appeared to have without a doubt emotionally valued an offered hazard to the property and wellbeing of the other party yet in the long run continued a specific occasion before they could really be supposed to be totally criminally guilty. This decision annulled the recorded goal foolish test that had been recently perceived under the acclaimed R v Caldwell (Kimel, 2004, p 548). Dori Kimel has demonstrated that wildness is really the specific basic mental component that exists inside the Critical Damage Act of the year 1971. Be that as it may, ten years following the authorization of the specific enactment, the House of Lords with regards to R v Caldwell made a dubious understanding of the carelessness impartially just as

5 Steps on How to Get Organized in College

5 Steps on How to Get Organized in College With all that you need to adjust, getting composed in school can once in a while appear both a miserable and pointless assignment. All things considered, what sort of individual can make request out of so much tumult?! You may be astounded, be that as it may, to learn exactly how simple it very well may be to get sorted out during your time in school. 1. Most importantly, Have a Time Management System Regardless of whether youre a very senior or an approaching first-year understudy, time will be your most valuable item. Exactly when you need it the most, it will appear the most scant. What's more, you will only very seldom, feel like you have enough of it. Subsequently, making some great memories the board framework that you use is basic for getting sorted out - and remaining as such - during your time in school. All things considered, how are you expected to know what youre expected to do on the off chance that you arent even sure, well, what youre expected to do? 2. Record All Your Academic Responsibilities At the point when you initially get your prospectuses toward the start of the semester, locate a peaceful table at a café, get some espresso, and plunk down with your schedule. Put everything that is on your prospectuses into the schedule: when classes meet, when things like required movies and labs are booked, when midterms are, when classes are dropped, when finals and papers are expected. Furthermore, when you think youre all done placing everything in, twofold check your work and do it once more. When you have everything inputted into your time the board framework, you can have confidence that youll think pretty much totally required course assignments a long time before their cutoff time. Once in a while, simply knowing whats descending the pipeline can represent 90% of your association ability. 3. Experience Something Once per Week It sounds abnormal, yet youll likely be astounded at exactly how accommodating this standard can be with regards to remaining sorted out in school. In any event once per week, experience and sort out something. It tends to be your knapsack; it very well may be your bank articulation; it tends to be your work area; it very well may be your email. You without a doubt, nonetheless, will discover something that escaped your attention or that youve been significance to get to. What's more, in the event that you hadnt have experienced that thing, you would almost certainly have disregarded it. 4. Have a Budget and Check in on It Regularly A significant piece of being sorted out in school is keeping steady over your accounts. Regardless of whether the vast majority of your costs, similar to food and lodging in the living arrangement corridors, are dealt with through the budgetary guide office, keeping steady over your cash circumstance is as yet significant. Being sorted out methods knowing whats going on in your school life at some random point in time. In the event that you arent sure how much cash is in your record - or, more regrettable, if youll have enough to endure the semester or quarter - you arent sorted out. So keep steady over your spending plan and know where youre cash has gone, where it is, and where its headed. 5. Be Proactive and Plan in Advance You realize that person down the lobby who consistently is worrying and packing a minute ago for tests? Or then again that young lady who oddities out each time she has a paper due the following day? Odds are youd be unable to discover somebody who might portray both of them as sorted out. On the off chance that you know whats coming - occasions, significant occasions, midterms, papers, lab reports, finals - you can design ahead of time and maintain a strategic distance from superfluous turmoil. Also, in the event that you know whats coming, you can sort out your life (e.g., get enough rest) far enough ahead of time that you can in any case have a good time during even the most exceedingly awful of the most noticeably awful.

Problem Solving How do we Combat Child Abuse Essay Example For Students

Critical thinking How would we Combat Child Abuse Essay Envision being a little youngster. Picture that somebody is abusing you, and you are totally incapable to fight back in any capacity. Envision what might be going through your brain, the entirety of the dread and scorn that you can never really with the exception of hold everything inside. The United States government characterizes youngster misuse explicitly as any ongoing act or inability to follow up on the piece of a parent or overseer which brings about death, genuine physical or enthusiastic damage, sexual maltreatment or misuse to any person who has not accomplished the age of 18 years, or a demonstration or inability to act which presents an inescapable danger of genuine damage to any person who has not achieved the period of 18 years (Petit 28). This is a significant issue that pulverizes the lives of blameless Insights show that 903,395 youngsters were affirmed as being manhandled in the US during 1997 alone, and there were 1,439,284 detailed occurrences of maltreatment in the United States (Statistics of. ..). Those numbers add out to be in the neighborhood of 1.54% of the countries kids being manhandled every day (Statistics of.. .). Kid misuse additionally represents almost 57.5% of fatalities to kids under the period of five (Child Maltreatment). Specialists additionally state that 87.1% of manhandled kids are manhandled by both the mother and father (Statistics of. ..). Generally 2.7% of kid misuse happens in child care (Statistics of.. .). The most inexhaustible type of youngster misuse is disregard. Disregard represents 53.5% of kid misuse across the country (Child Maltreatment). Disregard is characterized as: a kid under 18 years old whose physical, mental or enthusiastic condition has been weakened or is at risk for getting disabled subsequently of the disappointment of the childs lawful watchman to practice a base level of care in providing the kid with satisfactory food, apparel, haven, or training or on the other hand clinical consideration. Disregard additionally happens when the legitimate gatekeeper neglects to give the kid with legitimate oversight or guardianship by permitting the youngster to be hurt, or to be in danger of mischief which incorporates when the gatekeeper abuses medications or liquor him/herself. (Ignored Child) Kids who succumb to disregard feel that their folks lack the capacity to deal with them. The mental parts of this sort of misuse is that the kid or youngsters influenced commonly attempt to get consideration at school or some place away from home, are unusually forceful, and become to some degree deranged when taken off alone for long timeframes (Understanding Child). The second sort of kid misuse is physical maltreatment, which is liable for 22.7% of all out maltreatment cases that were affirmed. Physical Abuse is described by the curse of physical injury because of punching, beating, kicking, gnawing, consuming, shaking or in any case hurting a youngster. The parent or guardian might not have expected to hurt the kid, rather the injury may have come about because of over-discipline or physical discipline (Child Maltreatment). The most well-known approach to demonstrate a genuinely manhandled youngster is eminent stamps on the body, for example, wounds, cuts, and hitches. The principle social sign of physical maltreatment is the youngster is dreadfully forceful when they are not around their folks. They likewise will in general single out others, however get very furious when another person singles out them (Understanding Sexual maltreatment is the third kind of kid misuse, which represents 11.5% of all affirmed misuse cases. Sexual maltreatment incorporates stroking a childs private parts, intercourse, interbreeding, assault, homosexuality, exhibitionism, and business misuse through prostitution or the creation of explicit materials. Numerous specialists accept that sexual maltreatment is the most under-revealed type of kid abuse in light of the mystery that so frequently describes these cases (Child Abuse). Explicitly manhandled kids are very startled at seeing the abuser, and are amazingly shy whenever stood up to with an opportunity to build up a nearby relationship. Casualties are given low confidence, and will regularly think they are useless. .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .postImageUrl , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:hover , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:visited , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:active { border:0!important; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:active , .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udc4 48e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udc448e9d6464aa3548c09921b0e22bff:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: 12 Angry Men: Influence of Surroundings Essay Common pointers of explicitly mishandled kids incorporate independence, expanded bashfulness, and more noteworthy reliance on a non-injurious individual present in their The last sort of youngster misuse is psychological mistreatment. This maltreatment is capable for about 6.2% of all maltreatment cases. Psychological mistreatment incorporates acts or oversights by the guardians or different parental figures that have caused, or could cause, genuine conduct, psychological, enthusiastic, or mental scatters. For instance, the guardians/parental figures may utilize extraordinary or strange types of discipline, for example, repression of a kid in a dull wardrobe. (Youngster Maltreatment) Less serious acts, such .

Audience as Market vs Audience as Public Essay Example for Free

Crowd as Market versus Audience as Public Essay The significance of evaluations is urgent, for it is the thing that decides the most taken care of projects that give a trace of fulfillment from the crowds as buyers. It is a proportion of reaction that enables makers and chiefs to figure out what kind of projects are proper for a specific time. It additionally educates something regarding the crowd, by and large, their age and program inclination. The crowd as-showcase see was showed through the numerous promotions that can be found on the advertisements or broadcast appointment assigned in the middle of TV programs. (Ang, 1991, pp. 28) Most of the TV programs were an additionally benefit making program that produces cash from the feelings and fulfillment of the open area. In a progressively customary sense, wherein broadcasting is utilized as a methods for transmitting data, the crowds are seen as an open. From a wide perspective it depicts open assistance through communicating. The individuals who take broadcasting in the conventional sense accept that they have an obligation to give data to the open space or to their crowds. (Ang, 1991, pp. 29) Impact of Globalization There had been a few changes in the telecom business because of the advancements in innovation and the coming of globalization. The better approaches for conveying various media data by means of satellite have immensely increment the crowd decision and made access to various projects much progressively less expensive (McQuail, 1997, pp. 9). An example that shows the coming of globalization can be pondered the diverse intuitive projects use to produce assets and promotions. In broad daylight administration broadcasting, the most recent advancements have made it simpler to get and introduce data and news. By being intelligent, it had the option to request questions and suppositions from the crowd that further make an increasingly educated watchers. Determination Broadcasting is a lucrative industry that was advanced by an entrepreneur foundation. Despite the fact that there were sees that it is should be utilized and contextualize to serve the general population, by the by, this view would just be a piece of a bigger social market plot. It is critical to break down the institutional system that filled the telecom business in capable for one to decide how investigate the crowd. Because of the way that it is the institutional system which figures out who are the crowds and how they should reaction and be address. Catalog Ang, I. 1991Desperately Seeking the Audience, Routledge, London/New York, , pp. 26-32 McQuail, D. 1997Audience Analysis, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, , pp. 1-11. Moores, S. 2000. Media And Everyday Life In Modern Society. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh. pp. 5-23 Schirato, T. also, Yell, S. 1996'Communication and Culture', Communication and Cultural Literacy: A presentation, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, Sydney, , pp. 1-21 Schlesinger, P. Do Institutions Make a difference For Public Servic Broadcasting? College of Stirling, Scotland. Recovered on August 12, 2007. Recovered from www. ofcom. organization. uk/counsel/condocs/psb2/psb2/psbwp/wp2schles. pdf Thompson, J. 1997, 'Mass Communication and Mass Culture' in O'Sullivan, Tim and Jewkes, Yvonne (eds), The Media Studies Reader, Edward Arnold Ltd, London, pp. 28-41 Williams, R. 1997'Mass and Masses' in O'Sullivan, Tim and Jewkes, Yvonne (Eds), The Media Studies Reader, Edward Arnold ltd, , pp. 18-27

SWOT analysis of country Kazakhstan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SWOT examination of nation Kazakhstan - Essay Example Indeed, even today method of correspondences is costly and moderate. Wealthiest financial area in oil and gas, Kazakhstan created 61.9 million tons of oil and gas in 2005 with a fare of 52.4 million tons during 2004 and 2005. (Kazakhstan, Sept 2006) Kazakh government with premium administration aptitudes went to outside financial specialists on a scale uncommon in the previous Soviet Union for cash-flow to fix and restart the huge endeavors that at times had essentially stopped activity. Most as of late, be that as it may, Kazakhstan has been setting a lot more noteworthy accentuation on neighborhood sourcing of whatever number contributions as could be expected under the circumstances and on the preparation of nearby representatives by every outside financial specialist in what has all the earmarks of being a coordinated exertion to recover more noteworthy control of their industry. The new accentuation is surely justifiable which prognosticates change in the venture atmosphere. Kazakhstan being a Central Asian nation is constrained by the significant expense of transport and crude materials. As per a report, crude materials, in 2000 spoke to 60% of the complete items sent out. That implies Kazakhstan is totally dependant upon crude materials. Another shortcoming stood up to by Kazakhstan is the significant expense variable of traversing the outskirt at nearby and worldwide level. In this setting voyaging is the fundamental impediment in exchange. This check accompanies towards scattered framework of exchanging and even that at significant expense. Going on a nearby level has offered ascend to costly vehicle organizations. As per Raballand (2003), cargo in travel through Kazakhstan has dropped by over 90%. (Raballand, 2003) Other than cargo, Kazakhstan is additionally gone up against to genuine water lack issue. Expanding populace, dependence on hydropower in specific states, and reliance on water system for developing cotton and different yields in others, have all brought about a developing interest for water. (Cummings, 2003, p. 203) Contamination, absence of instructive establishments and poor outskirt security issues are other seen shortcomings of the nation. As per USAID Report, 25% of the populace lives beneath destitution line. (USAID, 2006) Opportunity: Right now the Government plans to accomplish its formative objectives by 2009 as it intends to contribute over $15 million to a $40 million USAID financial advancement venture. In the last 2-3 years, the United States has given nearly $1.205 billion in specialized help and venture support in (Kazakhstan, Sept 2006) As of late, a joint endeavor understanding has been marked with an administrative body to construct and work the plant at 'Kyzylorda', in the south of the Kazakhstan close to Tashkent. (Future, 2006) It would be the principal drift plant of its sort, which would begin its development in 2007. This task is no not exactly a monetary open door for a nation who is confronting glass emergencies since its autonomy with no glass producer or provider all through the nation. (Future, 2006) The nation is pulling in outside financial specialists towards the vitality part with progression in banking division and little scope privatization area. (USAID, 2006) Taking both rural creation and agribusiness together, open doors for country family pay development rely upon connecting ranchers all the more near both local and fare request. There have all the earmarks of being openings that can be acknowledged in the short

Tips for Writing a Cover Letter That Gets Noticed

Tips for Writing a Cover Letter That Gets Noticed Tips for Writing a Good Cover Letter for Job Application Writing a cover letter is an important step in almost every job application. A purpose of a cover letter is to make a positive impression on your prospective employer that will make him read your application thoroughly and invite you for an interview. If you fail and your cover letter makes a poor impression, an employer might not be interested in reading your CV and it will be ignored, so it really makes sense to devote much time and effort to writing a winning cover letter that sells your skills and abilities in a clear and concise manner. Here are some useful tips for writing a cover letter that may help you make it effective. Cover Letters: What You Need to Know If you have ever written a cover letter, you know that it’s not easy to do it well. Here is all information you need to understand how to make a cover letter that is sure to get your application noticed. A cover letter is a document that should complement your CV and add a personal touch to your job application. Here you have to explain why you would like to work in the specific organization and determine your most relevant skills or experiences. The cover letter is made of several parts: Your personal details â€" name, address, cell phone number, email Cover letter salutation â€" it’s very important to get hiring manager’s name Cover letter body includes several paragraphs. Paragraph One explains why you are writing. Tell where you heard about the job opening and name a few key strengths that prove your suitability for the position. Paragraph Two describes what you can offer to the employer â€" your key competencies, examples of the work you performed, and results that you have achieved. Paragraph Three shows your knowledge of the company and explains how you can contribute. Paragraph Four is the closing. Mention your CV and give a hiring manager a good reason to read it and ask for an interview. Thank an employer for consideration. Signature Every part of your cover letter matters so after you have written about your work experience, your talents and skills, expressed your enthusiasm for the job and the company, you might start wondering how to close a cover letter in a proper way. Career experts suggest using phrases like ‘thank you’, ‘best regards’, ‘sincerely’ since it’s a formal business letter and you must sound polite. How to format your cover letter? Make sure your cover letter looks professional to match the standards expected by the hiring managers. Be clear, concise, and to-the-point Keep your paragraphs short and direct Use bulleted lists Use an easy-to-read font like Arial, Times New Roman, Calibri or Georgia A font size should be 10 or 12 points that are easy to read Use standard margins of 1’’ on the bottom, top, and right and left sides of the page Add spaces between different part of your document Need more cover letter tips? Here you are. Don’t be too informal, but use simple, natural language and avoid clichés Be enthusiastic, but do not beg for a position Include keywords if you are going to submit your cover letter and CV to an online listing so that it can pass through the applicant tracking system Customize your cover letter to each position you’re applying to Always ask a trusted friend to proofread your cover letter before sending it 4 Secret Rules for Writing a Great Cover Letter Don’t repeat your resume but use your cover letter to present your personality and show your interest and curiosity in the particular field that you are applying to work in. For example, Google for the history of your field or the company you are applying to, and mention some cool historical facts in your cover letter to show your expertise and interest. Keep your cover letter short â€" three paragraphs, half a page or something like that, not more. Skip unnecessary introduction and write something valuable instead. Don’t address anybody if you do not know exactly who you should be addressing. Just start from the body of your cover letter. Use strong cover letter closing. Finish your letter quickly explaining how your previous experience or personal worldview can help you at the job. Writing an impressive cover letter that can catch an employer’s attention can be challenging. It is especially difficult if you are doing it for the first time, writing a business cover letter that should show your strong communication skills, or when you have to include salary requirements in cover letter. If you have trouble with writing your cover letter or any other piece of writing, you can easily get professional help from expert writers when you make a request on our custom writing service. We have a large staff of experienced writers who will provide you with well-written content in any field of knowledge at any deadline.

The Purpose Of Violence In Video Games - Free Essay Example

Studies indicate that video games are one of the prime factors contributing to addiction and aggression. Yet numerous studies have found that video games dont contribute to these problems. Moreover, several groups have claimed that there are few if any methodically proven studies to support these reports, and that the video game industry has become an easy target for the media to be accountable for many contemporary problems. Also, many researchers have proposed possible positive effects of video games on parts of communal and mental development and psychological well-being. It has been presented that action video game players have far better hand and eye coordination and visual and motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction and their sensitivity to information in the outlying vision and also their ability to count briefly presented objects than non-players. Purpose of violence in video games I believe that today our media reflects us as a culture. Besides that it also helps form that culture in turn. Humanity embraces violence, as shown by thousands and thousands of years of history. We desire peace while formulating war. Its a very human contrast. Why, then, wouldnt our most popular pastime involve the same clash? We want innovation; nevertheless we still seek out the experiential violence that we hanker as a species. I also believe that its far better to allow ourselves to shoot each other online in simulated virtual worlds than do so in real life. As I have explored video gaming as a cultural occurrence, Ive found that every players experience of games is completely different. My own non-violent trends color my responsiveness of games that are explicit in their subjects of war and violence and cruelty. I am not stating that i dont see the significance in such games, particularly when takingÂÂ  into account the existing modern culture. What has been an excellent instrument to exhibit how societies view and express themselves are written media, films and novels which expresses war, death , life and what it worth to be a human. I feel Video games are no different. They are reaching to a certain critical mass, in terms of technological ability and thematic scope that, I believe, will compete with the range and impact of film and books in a very short span of time. Hopefully, videogames mature into their full potential as a media and they begin to take on other themes and topics such as Love, and family, and working together i n society as much a part of being a human as war and violence. Problem Statement Purpose of Dissertation I am writing this dissertation to display how video games have matured, switching from the days of gentleÂÂ  Pac-ManÂÂ  clones to the gritty, sleazy underworlds ofÂÂ  Grand Theft Auto. Through this transformation, they have found critics and supporters. Though this may all seem recent, its a debate that has been boiling for years. Research Questions: What is the role of video games in the media world? With what can we evaluate the violence exposure and aggression? How is the attitude of viewers and players changing their values and behavior? What ways can help the field of gaming to be free of negative impact? Is there a significant evidence that exposure to media violence is a risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior? What is the conclusion of the issue of violence in relation to videogames? What effect does the violence in video games have on the users? What percentage of violence is accredited to video games? Methodology Contents About On Existing Information Practical Approach About This dissertations main object is to show the impact of violence in video games on todays culture and consumer preferences. The document will show both the negative and positive effects of violence in video games. On Existing Information It is made sure that all the information gathered through various electronic and traditional media are as current as possible. For this dissertation Ive used Google as my prime source material, while supplementing this thesis are various news websites like CNN.com, NYtimes.com and various relevant print media. Further more I would be researching books on video game violence and collect data from the already existing surveys and studies. Practical Approach My approach would be to show how violence in videogames shape the psychological behavior of the consumer and show what are the positive and negative effects of too much violence and graphic themes in modern day video games. I would be conducting various surveys and research on ground level, and based on most current controversial events that have occurred in the world of video games. Based on the demography of the recipient I would be taking some surveys that would have ask them their preferences and inclination towards graphic violence, nudity, gore etc.

Wal Mart Is The Top Of Its Prime - 930 Words

It’s no lie that Wal-Mart is that the top of its prime. Its enormous and rapid expansion has changed towns and cities alike. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer store in America, with more than 11,528 store operating worldwide (Wal-Mart 2016 Our Locations). Running since 1962, Wal-Mart had become the major retail store by 2001 â€Å"with $191 billion in sales† (Carroll and Buchholz 772), with high discount prices and operating four different divisions including Sam’s Clubs warehouse. Many see Wal-Mart as a good and honest company however to others this is not the case. In 1962 when Sam Walton open his first Wal-Mart, he when to target small towns in rural areas of no more than ten thousand people (Carroll and Buchholz 772). What he set off to accomplish was to provide outstanding customer service with a fast friendly service with low priced, high quality merchandise. To give the people convenience and efficiency to his stakeholders, the consumers. People that go sh opping at Wal-Mart in store or www.walmart.com have the financial stake in Wal-Mart. Consumers, which would be Wal-Mart’s external stakeholders, are what makes profits for Wal-Mart and the amount of profit it makes depends on how much or how little people will spend in Wal-Mart’s stores and via the online Walmart store. When we talk about small rural areas the consumers rely on Wal-Mart to provide them with the basic necessities and in return Wal-Mart depends on those consumers. If Wal-Mart were to change location orShow MoreRelatedWal Mart s Ecommerce Innovator1062 Words   |  5 PagesBurt Flickinger From: Mali Zhao Date: 10/21/2015 Re: Wal-Mart’s ecommerce innovator: @WalmartLabs Summary Wal-Mart creates their data center called @Walmarts. They generate data from their customers and operating Wal-Mart’s mobile app, which is their strategy of ecommerce innovation. The local grocery pickup location is Wal-Mart’s strategy on online retailing. 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They have developed some unique strategies that they have used allowing the company to grow into a multinational company. Various case studies and researches have sought to explain the success of this company over the years. Ken Mark from The University of Western Ontari o conducted a case study on Wal-Mart and came up with some sound conclusions. Wal-Mart’sRead MoreWal Walmarts Electronic Commerce Platform1223 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart seeks to Outperform Amazon’s Electronic Commerce Platform It is no secret that when the holidays are near, big retail companies work extra hard to stock enough products to meet consumer demand. Immediately, two huge retailers come to mind: Wal-Mart and Amazon. The two companies dominate their markets by landslides. Wal-Mart is Forbes 500 number one company, and it has been for the past three years (Forbes, 2015). 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With this discussion of power and politics, Wal-Mart will be the prime example of how power and politics are differential in a globally known organization. Power There are two types of power that influence both individual and organizational behaviors. The first one, known as Position Power is widelyRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Wal Mart1109 Words   |  5 PagesRivalry: Target’s top competitors include Wal-Mart, Costco, Dollar General, Best Buy, and Amazon.com. Target focuses more on providing products that are superior in quality. Wal-Mart focuses on offering products at a lower price. Currently, Target is promising to match the prices of its competitors by proposing to match the lowest price of specific items. â€Å"Expect more, pay less,† is Target’s motto. Some Target stores offer â€Å"Shops at Target† where store space is allocated for boutiques that carryRead MorePrinciples And Practices Of Leadership Project1385 Words   |  6 Pages Principles and Practices of Leadership Project Institution: Patten University I. Leadership Context Wal-Mart Incorporation is a giant discounting retail store that was founded by Sam Walton in Rodgers Bentonville, Arkansas in the year 1962. Sam Walton headed the company as its Chief Executive Officer until 1988 when he retired and his position was assumed by David Glass then followed by Lee Scott, Mike Duke and the current CEO who is Doug McMillon. McMillon has been among one ofRead MoreWalmart Case Study Analysis1850 Words   |  8 PagesFor decades, Wal-Mart has held the title of the American retailer (although it is international) where people can get products for the lowest price possible. As the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart has been looked at as a role model for many competitors who desired the profits Wal-Mart has received in past periods. The founder, Sam Walton, began to design his stores in 1962 to the have everyday low pricing (EDLP) method, opposed to the popular at the time hi-lo pricing. Lucky for Walton, throughoutRead MoreBenefits Of A Virtual Techno logy Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesCase Summary: When thinking about the top three points in the Kimberly –Clack case indicates the way customer’s shop in-store opposed to virtually. The case demonstrates that there several adjustments that need to be completed with Virtual Technology. These changes to this form of technology present an integrating end to the traditional method for shopping in the business sector. In implementing these strategies/changes will permit â€Å"quicker feedback, more economical and adequate training along with

Nike Reebok - 4026 Words

Company Overviews Nike In 1964 in Oregon, Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman join together to make a new enterprise; each contributed about $500 to the partnership. The company started bringing low priced and high tech athletic shoes from Japan to replace the German domination of athletic shoes in the industry. In 1971, a graphic design student created the Swoosh trademark for a $35 fee. In the same year Jeff Johnson, Blue Ribbon Sports first employee, made his most durable contribution to the company in coming up with a new name, Nike, after the Greek goddess of victory. NIKE is the world s #1 shoemaker and controls over 20% of the US athletic shoe market. Reebok Reebok s ancestor-based company came from the United Kingdom and it†¦show more content†¦Consumers The bargaining power of consumers is medium to high. The power of purchases made by the individual buyers group is not concentrated in large volumes and the products that the consumer purchases are not standardized. With low switching costs in process and with so many buyers, the shoes industry has to be updated very often. Furthermore, the industry sets and creates the fads and determines what is hot. On the other hand, the buyers, like corporate retailers and sports teams, have very high bargaining powers. Because, the shoes they wear have to be changed often and also sports teams can become great advertisers for any given company. Potential Entrants The threat of new entrants into the industry is low. The start-up costs are somewhat high, consumer loyalty within the market is moderate and the learning curve is pretty short. The entrance barriers are high in that the capital requirements are high due to up-front advertising and research and development. Also, economies of scale in production will be difficult to reach due to the difficulties of penetrating the market that is dominated by the large five: Nike, Reebok, Coverse, LA Gear, and Stride-Rite. Furthermore, it will be almost impossible to achieve product differentiation in terms of brand identification and product difference, since the big five set the trends. Also,Show MoreRelatedNike vs. Reebok1378 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others)Read More Company Overviews of Nike and Reebok Essay3983 Words   |  16 PagesCompany Overviews of Nike and Reebok In 1964 in Oregon, Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman join together to make a new enterprise; each contributed about $500 to the partnership. The company started bringing low priced and high tech athletic shoes from Japan to replace the German domination of athletic shoes in the industry. In 1971, a graphic design student created the Swoosh trademark for a $35 fee. In the same year Jeff Johnson, Blue Ribbon Sports’ first employee, made his most durable contributionRead MoreCompetative Analysis: Puma, Reebok, Adidas and Nike.1192 Words   |  5 PagesReethink,Reesport,Reejoy.Always challenge and lead through creativity. | Price Analyzing the prices of Puma and comparing with its competitor prices was discovered, that all of them are more or less on the same price levels – medium to high. Although, Nike and Adidas products are mostly expensive, while Puma is providing products for affordable prices. Today’s Puma is not only sport clothing and equipment, but also accessories. Puma nail polish, deodorant, shower gels and perfume are easy to find notRead MoreNike vs. Reebok1362 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others) wasRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcing productionRead MoreNike : An American Inspired Fitness Brand That Relishes Global Success1685 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Mission Reebok is an American-inspired fitness brand that relishes global success. The innovation strategy within the company s roots is to create clothing and accessories allowing the athlete to train at their maximum potential. By using the technologies available as well as innovating to create new sport apparel, reebok can provide a material benefit to consumer’s fitness activities. The direct mission of the Reebok company is to â€Å"Challenge and lead the fitness world through creativityRead MoreReebok Ad Campaigns1739 Words   |  7 PagesREEBOK Introduction: Reebok is the oldest running shoe company, having been started by a cobbler in the UK in the 1890s. Capitalizing on American Paul Fireman’s foresight into the dance craze, aerobic craze, and later the rise of casual street basketball shoes, Reebok quickly became the number-one selling running shoe, easily beating and staying ahead of the then near-15-year-old Nike. In 1988, Reebok launched its first brand campaign, U.B.U. (ie, Reebok lets you be you). However, it went up againstRead MoreCase Study : Western Canadian Shoe Association1322 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the market’s needs to ensure the success of their businesses. Such information can be gained through research. The industry that will form the basis of this paper is Western Canadian Shoe Association. The three brands under study are Reebok, Adidas, and Nike. Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore three companies by focusing on how the brands have been performing as well as what the customers and other stakeholders are saying about the different brands. This study will also summarizeRead MoreThe Advertisement Chosen For A Reebok918 Words   |  4 Pages The advertisement chosen is for a Reebok featured sneaker. The brand sells sports apparel that sells predominantly shoes but also branches out into sports clothing. Reebok offers consumers a wide variety of high quality yet affordable sportswear that is manufactured with â€Å"the hardest working player† in mind. The brand currently features NFL Texan’s defensive end J.J. Watt as one of their representatives. Everything about Watt screams agility, determination, and relentlessness which are some ofRead MoreA Case Study on Lady Foot Locker: the Lobo Launch1978 Words   |  8 Pagespartnership with Reebok. Was there retail potential in a signature product built around an em erging professional women’s player such as Rebecca Lobo? Did it make sense financially? II. Objectives of the Study This study seeks the following objectives: - to be able to understand the market potential of LFL shoes in partnership of Reebok - to determine the profitability of the partnership and the launch - to know whether the decision of being partners with Reebok on the Lobo launch

Assessing the Value of Electronic Medical Records - 795 Words

Assessing the Value of Electronic Medical Records Introduction The potential for Electronic Medical Records (EMR) to transform healthcare making it more accurate, efficient and cost-effective is significant. Studies indicate that the most common workflows and processes that EMR systems are used for automating can save a healthcare provider up to 67% of the total costs of correcting error-filled reports and minimizing the costs of malpractice insurance as a result (Walker, 2005). The best and most significant Return on Investment (ROI) of all however are the significant gains made in patients recovery time and effectiveness of treatment programs (Darr, Harrison, Shakked, Shalom, 2003). Between the cost reductions made possible through effective use of EMR systems and the ROI of saving lives, the collection of these technologies, systems and processes show significant potential in streamlining patient-based workflows while increasing the quality of care (Richards, Prybutok, Ryan, 2012). Analysis Of EMR Benefits To The Patient And Healthcare Providers The greater the accuracy and efficiency of analysis and diagnosis of a given condition or disease, the more completely a physician can define a treatment plan with a high probability of success. EMR systems provide a single system of record for the entire treatment history of a patient, including any previously-attempted treatment programs and their results (Walker, 2005). This system of record on a per-patient basisShow MoreRelatedEthical Ethics And Ethical Hacking968 Words   |  4 Pagesto the recent success the Department of Defense (DoD) using ethical hacking. In short, the DoD’s successful hacking event led to the discussion of using ethical hacking in the healthcare industry and the apprehensions some may have towards it. Assessing the Advantages Disadvantages The article by Slabodkin (2016) addresses advantages and disadvantages regarding ethical hacking in the healthcare industry. The consumers of the internet need to be well informed about what is emerging and whetherRead MoreImportance Of Administrative And Practice Management1088 Words   |  5 Pagesadministrative and management practices, such as Without a proper administrative structure, even highly skilled medical, dental, and/or mental health professional will not be able to provide the care, they would like to provide, at the level they would like to provide that care. Therefore, developing efficient and effective management structure is essential to the success of your medical, dental, mental health practice, federally qualified health center (FQHC) or mental health center/organizationRead MoreSystems Thinking And The Health Care System832 Words   |  4 Pagesit its own intangible challenges that, if not documented and addressed, will both slow improvement and present new harm. This SMAC allowed us to see the challenges that healthcare system faces and how they analyzed and apply systems thinking in assessing them. Understanding the challenges by completion of a SWOT analysis. Which required the development of an action plan of improvement for patient safety by implementing and maintaining new processes and practices such has how can the functionsRead MoreHealth Care Delivery System Of The United States877 Words   |  4 Pagesboundaries, changing all industries involved. In health care, the advancement in science and technology play an important role in almost all process from patient registration to data monitoring, from lab tests to self-care. The emergence of electronic medical record system (EMR), portal technology, remote monitoring tools, wireless communication telemedicine, sensors and wearable technology, Pharmacogenomics are all examples of advancements in the health care that have emerged over the last few yearsRead MoreEffect Of Change On Healthcare1283 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and implementing protocols and policies based on evidenced based practices. We now live in a world of healthcare where our medical records are electronic, and patients can communicate with their providers through telecare. For most people in the medical field, change is viewed as positive: shorter wait times in the ER, easier access to medical records, and better communication between patients and their providers. There are still some people who refuse to implement change due to fearRead MoreInfluence On The Workplace Settings1339 Words   |  6 Pagesregistration, and medical necessity. The influence on clinical care is with di sease and case management, DRG assignment and case mix management, clinical documentation and coding, care guidelines or protocols, and nursing documentation. Billing and financial systems are also affecting for health plan contracting, coding, claims processing, payment policy, and physician reimbursement management. Health information systems impacted include; clinical documentation and coding; electronic health record and CPOE;Read MoreA Brief Note On The Computerized Patient Record System Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesComputerized Patient Record System (CPRS) was released at a national level. (Lovis, 2011). CPRS has been made possible because of the extensive set of clinical and administrative application within VistA. VistA is the Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture. It is VA s Health Information Technology (IT) system. It provides an integrated inpatient and outpatient electronic health record for VA patients, and administrative tools to help VA deliver quality medical care to VeteransRead MoreCvcu Case Study1213 Words   |  5 PagesScores, and descriptive clinical data points as part of their routine clinical care in the adult CVICU. During the course of this study, the researcher reviewed and collected data from the patients’ medical records located in a high-volume, adult CVICU at Memorial Hermann Hospital, an academic medical center located in Houston, Texas. Estimates projected from the current literature determined the sample size for this study (Andrejaitiene Sirvinskas, 2012; Henao-Castano Amaya-Rey, 2014). SinceRead MoreHSA 501 Assignment 1 Value Proposition in Patient Care Essay example1311 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 1: Value Proposition in Patient Care Tabitha Christina Trisvan HSA 501 Management in Healthcare Dr. Judy Jean January 25, 2015 1. The meaning of value-added service Responsible Reform for the Middle Class stated, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care and will create the transformation within the health care system necessary to contain costs. One part of the transformation is theRead MoreAbstract. .Background: Uninsured Patients With Diabetes1507 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Background: Uninsured patients with diabetes are at increased risk for poor outcomes and often have limited access to health and prescription services necessary to manage diabetes. The Cooper Rowan Clinic is a medical student-run, attending-supervised free clinic that offers primary care to the uninsured individuals in the Camden New Jersey area. Student-run clinics are emerging safety-net practices for the uninsured; but despite the growing number of clinics that currently operate across

Why I Should Go Home Now - 1257 Words

The cherry blossoms were blowing in the wind, the sun was peering through the clouds. As an only child, I always felt responsible for upholding the family honour. See my father was once an excellent warrior but after being injured in a war he has not fought since. My Mother always said, â€Å"Don’t worry about your father. Focus on marriage.† I never think I will ever be ready for marriage, I’m always told that I m clumsy. It was that time again where they see if i m ready for marriage. That morning my mother and I were looking for my special kimono. It was no where in the house. It came down to 10 minutes. Yet I still couldn’t find my kimono. Since I could not find it, I was forced to use my mother’s kimono. When I arrived, the lady just stared at me. I knew what she was about to say. â€Å"You’re late, I think you should go home now. Next time we see each other, to be on time. She’s said it about 5 times now. Hours passed and the sun was setting into the clouds. The wind started to pick up and it started to lightly rain. While I was getting ready for bed, I heard the doorbell ring. My father went to the door and was handed a letter reading, â€Å"The chinese army needs 1 man from every family to help in the war. Sincerely Emperor. When I heard the news, I almost cried, My father is too old and too sick to fight again. I don t want him to go to war but there is nothing I can do about it. I know I have to try and do something. Every possible way that I think of is runningShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesAs being modern women I think most women are feminist. We want to be seen as equals to males. The feminist meaning is to believe that a woman holds as much power as a man. This has been true for centuries....despite the male dominated societies. If you’re wondering what I mean well two examples of women who were feminist despite their time were Cleopatra and Rose the Riveter. 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The Laws are to help us to get back onto the right track with life, dealing with the problems we face, creating our own lives and future. It tells us that it is up to ourselves to create a life that we want; it is all by our control. I haven’t learnt really much, in a narrow speaking definition, of studying in this bookRead MoreDo Not Challenge an Owl802 Words   |  3 Pageshim. As Potatoession got closer, she noticed owl feathers all over the pegasus wing, which was now broken. â€Å"What the underworld are owl feathers doing on a pegasus wing?† She said to herself. â€Å"Maybe he ran into an owl... weird.† The pegasus whined in pain. Potatoession, not knowing that she shouldve just put him in the water, hauled the poor animal onto her boat. As she was sailing home, a loud rumble from inside the water shook her boat and roared out. Slowly but surely, a face appearedRead MoreShort Story821 Words   |  4 PagesI was in the house looking at the sheriff suits that Deanna gave Rick and I and Rick walked in through the door and I said I dont know if this is some kind of play, handing authority to strangers.The authority to break up fistfights.If it was just that, she should have given one of these to Daryl.Rick said I dont know if its for us or for them. Or maybe Deannas trying to get rid of us and them.You put these jackets on me and you, have the people see it.If thats the play, thatd be smart.Read MoreA Letter to My Sick Grandpa1079 Words   |  5 PagesGrandpa? I hope you are doing fine. *boleh ke guna as fit as a fiddle?* It’s been long since I last wrote you a letter. I am truly sorry as I am busy burning the midnight oil to pass my examination with flying colours. I am narrating this letter to you is to tell you about some good news and bad news. I will tell you the bad news first so that you will be smiling when you are done reading this letter. Grandpa, is there something wrong? You know, last week I received a letter from home saying thatRead MoreEqual Rights and Gender Equality1631 Words   |  6 Pageseasier if it was Equal for both a men and a women. Where it’s at home, at work, or even at school. Why does one gender have to be better than another? ‘’Achieving Gender equality in education means that boys and girls will have equal opportunities to realize their full human rights and contribute to and benefit from economic, social, cultural, and political development.’’ Our generation can benefit so much. But it if they can benefit why is this only happening in 35 states instead of all over the worldRead MoreThe Boy - Original Writing1667 Words   |  7 Pages  Once upon a time, there was this boy, now this boy was a strange boy he never talked to anyone he didn t have any friends, and no one knew his name. Some boys at his school would come up to him and say hi or would try to ask f or his name but this strange boy would just tell them to go anyway, the boy didn t seem to have a problem with having no friends, but then when this boy grew older and got in high school he meet this girl,Her name was Evangeline. Evangeline was the prettiest girl in schoolRead MoreWhy Women Should Fight The Front Line1321 Words   |  6 PagesWhy I Believe Women Should Be On The Front Line I believe women should fight side by side with men. I believe women are equal to men, there s only a physical difference but we are all the same. Women can do everything a man can. If women fight in the front line i think there would be less casualties than there right now. Although women should be fighting in front line in the military many believe they should not. More than 200,000 position will still be remain exclusive to men. women wonRead MoreShould Students Live On Campus?1511 Words   |  7 PagesHere at Walsh, the campus may be small but the freshman dorm rooms are even smaller. This makes it extremely hard for some individuals to fit all their belongings into their room. But, I do not want to hear â€Å"my roommate and I have so much stuff we can barely fit† because some students are placed in the same sized dorm room with three people instead of two people. My problem with this is, that the rooms are only equipped with two closets no matter what. That means, either two people must share the

Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically Free Essays

Therapists believe that this s the best approach as it directly addresses a child’s thoughts and behavior and teaches them to challenge those that are unhelpful (Glared and Glared, 2008). In doing this, it allows children and adolescents to practice techniques for behavioral change in the safety of a therapy environment, which they can then transfer to other fields (Kendall, as cited by Kaplan, Thompson and Coarsen 1995). When undertaking CB with a child or adolescent their developmental stage needs to be taken Into consideration as it may have an influence on the effectiveness of the therapy (Durbar s cited by Kaplan et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1995) and also create limitations to what they can do. Grave and Blithest (2004) suggests that between the ages of 5 and 8 developmental immaturity occurs. Harrington (2003) states that some techniques within CB require the patient to possess certain cognitions to carry out tasks and if the patient is at a developmental stage where they cannot complete the tasks then a barrier is formed. Clark (2005) proposes that sessions need to be ‘developmentally appropriate’ and engage the child; adolescents are more able to participate in more adult sessions, whereas younger children may benefit from treatment centered around play. This is demonstrated by Grave and Blithest (2004) who state that combining CB and play is an â€Å"effective way of communicating with young children† (peg. 414) The child’s developmental stage may also govern how much adult involvement there will be In the therapy; Clark (2005) highlights that â€Å"the younger the child, the more likely It Is that parents may become Involved In treatment† (peg. 130), this Is due to the on-going developmental changes and the child’s dependency. Kaplan et al. 1995) state that arenas should be educated in the cognitive behavioral techniques being used and when the child attempts to use something learned in therapy at home, should give positive feedback and assume the role of co-therapist. Harrington (2003) discusses how the role of an adult can enhance the therapy as they can communicate things to the therapist that the child may be reluctant to talk about. There are also ethical Issues to be taken into consideration when u ndertaking CB with adolescents. Kendal and Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) highlight that it is adults, usually parents, ho accompany children and adolescents to therapy sessions and although not the patient themselves, dictate what issues they would Eke the therapy to address. Degrade et al. (As cited by Clark, 2005) continues to discuss how this may create a to the treatment for children and young people as it teaches them techniques that they can later call upon when facing similar situations in the future. How to cite Referring to relevant scientific literature, discuss critically, Papers

Venezuela free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Economy As A Whole Essay, Research Paper VENEZUELA? S ECONOMY AS A WHOLE Economy Venezuela is rich in oil and other mineral resources. Its per capita income is approximately mean for Latin America. The state # 8217 ; s public external debt ( excepting the duties of the cardinal bank and PDVSA, the parastatal oil company ) stood at about $ 26.5 billion in 1996. The economic system grew by 4.5 % in existent footings in 1997. Consumer monetary values rose merely 37.6 % in 1997 compared to the record 103 % of 1996. The authorities is trusting for rising prices of 24 % during 1998. The Venezuelan economic system is doing a rejoinder under the Agenda Venezuela, propelled chiefly by the gap of the crude oil sector to foreign investing ( the # 8220 ; apertura # 8221 ; ) , a far-reaching denationalization plan, and programs to reform public sector operations. Oil monetary values have shown a continual diminution since 1996, which is functioning to gnaw the budgetary excess from 4.5 % in 1996 to an estimated 1.5 % in 1997. In July 1996, the Venezuelan Government and the IMF officially announced a $ 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Venezuela or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4 billion stand-by loan. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank are besides lending to attempts to advance cardinal structural reforms # 8211 ; in the bench, electoral system, and societal security/severance wage plans. Petroleum and Other Resources Venezuela # 8217 ; s economic system is dominated by crude oil, and the state is a founding member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) . In 1997, this sector accounted for more than one-fourth of GDP, about three-fourthss of export net incomes, and about half of cardinal authorities # 8217 ; s grosss. Most of Venezuela # 8217 ; s energy exports consist of rough oil, but the state is besides the United States # 8217 ; taking foreign beginning of refined crude oil merchandises. The Government of Venezuela has opened up much of the hydrocarbon sector to foreign investing, advancing the constitution of monolithic new petrochemical articulation ventures and reactivation of inactive Fieldss. The Venezuelan crude oil corporation and foreign oil companies signed eight contracts for geographic expedition and production joint ventures in July 1996. These contracts are expected to bring forth over $ 15 billion in foreign investing. A scope of other natural resources, including Fe ore, diamonds, coal, bauxite, hydroelectric power, gold, and Nis are in assorted phases of development. In 1996, CVG, the state-owned excavation house, announced its first joint venture with a foreign company to develop the Las Cristinas gold mine. Congress is besides sing statute law which would update Venezuela # 8217 ; s 1945 excavation jurisprudence in an attempt to promote greater private sector engagement in mineral extraction. Fabrication, Agriculture, and Trade Manufacturing contributed 15.6 % of GDP in 1997. The fabrication sector grew somewhat ( 2.2 % ) in direct contrast with the contraction in 1996. Venezuela industries and exports steel, aluminium, fabrics, dress, drinks, and groceries. It besides produces cement, tyres, paper, and fertilisers, and assembles autos for both the domestic and export market. The # 8220 ; Agenda Venezue la† envisions the denationalization of a scope of state-owned endeavors, including Bankss. Agribusiness histories for 4 % of GDP, 12 % of the labour force, and 24 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s land country. Venezuela exports beef, rice, java, and chocolate. However, the state is non self-sufficing in most countries of agricultural production and imports about 60 % of nutrient consumed. In 1996, U.S. houses exported about $ 475 million of agricultural merchandises including wheat, soya beans, maize, soymeal, and cotton to Venezuela, our third-largest agricultural export market in Latin America. The U.S. normally accounts for somewhat more than a 3rd of Venezuela # 8217 ; s nutrient imports. Thankss to petroleum exports, Venezuela normally posts a trade excess. In recent old ages, non-traditional ( i.e. non-petroleum ) exports have been turning quickly but still constitute merely about one-quarter of entire exports. The United States is Venezuela # 8217 ; s taking trade spouse. During the first 10 months of 1997, the United States registered $ 3.0 billion in exports ( about 38 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s entire ) and purchased $ 12.9 billion in imports ( about 55 % of Venezuela # 8217 ; s entire ) . Venezuela # 8217 ; s trade with other Andean Pact members, peculiarly Colombia, is turning in importance. Labor and Infrastructure Venezuela # 8217 ; s labour force of about 8.8 million is turning faster than entire employment. At the terminal of 1997, official unemployment was 12.8 % , but unofficial estimations are higher. The public sector employs 14 % of the work force, while less than 1 % work in the capital-intensive oil industry. About 25 % of the labour force is nonionized. Unions are peculiarly strong in the populace sector. Venezuela has an extended route system. With the exclusion of air service, transit and communications have failed to maintain gait with the state # 8217 ; s demands. Much of the substructure suffers from unequal care. Caracas has a modern metro, but merely one working rail line serves the remainder of the state. Economic indexs GDP ( 1997 est. ) : $ 72.1 billion. Growth rate ( 1997 ) : 4.5 % . GDP per capita: $ 3,164. Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, Fe ore, gold, other minerals, hydroelectric power, bauxite. Agriculture ( 4.7 % of GDP ) : Products # 8211 ; rice ; java ; maize ; sugar ; bananas ; dairy, meat, and domestic fowl merchandises. Petroleum industry ( 27.6 % of GDP ) : Oil refinement, petrochemicals. Manufacturing ( 15.6 % of GDP ) : Types # 8211 ; Fe and steel, paper merchandises, aluminium, fabrics, conveyance equipment, consumer merchandises, and crude oil refinement. Trade ( 1997 est. ) : Exports # 8211 ; $ 23.7 billion: crude oil ( $ 18.3 billion ) , Fe ore, java, steel, aluminium, chocolate. Major markets # 8211 ; U.S. ( Jan.-Oct.1997, 55 % ) , Japan, Germany, Colombia, Nederlands, Brazil, Italy. Imports # 8211 ; $ 10.6 billion: machinery and conveyance equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, groceries. Major providers # 8211 ; U.S. ( Jan.-Oct. 1997, 38 % ) , Japan, Germany, France, Canada, Italy, Colombia, Brazil. Exchange rate ( Dec. 1997 ) : 504.25 bolivars=U.S. $ 1.

Rain Water Harvesting free essay sample

RAINWATER HARVESTING Other Information In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system. As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by peoples initiative and active public participation. Living creatures of the universe are made of five basic elements, viz. , Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Sky, Obviously, water is one of the most important elements and no creature can survive without it. Despite having a great regard for water, we seem to have failed to address this sector seriously. Human being could not save and conserve water and it sources, probably because of its availability in abundance. But this irresponsible attitude resulted in deterioration of water bodies with respect to quantity and quality both. Now, situation has arrived when even a single drop of water matters. However. better late than never, we have not realized the seriousness of this issue and initiated efforts to overcome those problems. System of collection rainwater and conserving for future needs has traditionally been practiced in India. The traditional systems were time-tested wisdom of not only appropriate technology of Rainwater Harvesting, but also water management systems, where conservation of water was the prime concern. Traditional water harvesting systems were Bawaries, step wells, Jhiries, lakes, tanks etc. These were the ater storage bodies to domestic and irrigation demands. People were themselves responsible for maintenance to water sources and optimal use of water that could What is Rainwater harvesting? The term rainwater harvesting is being frequently used these days, however, the concept of water harvesting is not new for India. Water harvesting techniques had been evolved and developed centuries ago. Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to indiscriminate development and rapid urbainzation, exposed surface for soil has been reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby epleting ground water resource. Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural filtration of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods. Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of water, for drinking, domestic purpose irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting. Why harvest rainwater ? This is perhaps one of the most frequently asked question, as to why one should harvest rainwater. There are many reasons but following are some of the important ones. To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table To beneficiate ater quality in aquifers To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon To reduce soil erosion To inculcate a culture of water conservation How to harvest rainwater: Broadly there are two ways of harvesting rainwater: Surface runoff harvesting Surface runoff harvesting: In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods. Roof top rainwater harvesting (RTRWH): It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/ uilding. It can either be stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the ground water level of the area. Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in the following typical schematic diagram/ The system mainly constitutes of following sub components: 5 Catchment Transportation First flush Filter The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting ystem. It may be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the harvesting system. torage/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material. First Flush First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first hower of rains needs to be flushed-off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It will also help in cleaning of silt and other material deposited on roof during dry seasons Provisions of first rain separator should be made at outlet of each drainpipe. There is always some skepticism regarding Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting since doubts are raised that rainwater may contaminate groundwater. There is remote possibility of this fear coming true if proper filter mechanism is not adopted. Secondly all care must be taken to see that underground sewer drains are not unctured and no leakage is taking place in close vicinity. Filters are used fro treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity, colour and microorganisms. After first flushing of rainfall, water should pass through filters. There are different types of filters in practice, but basic function is to purify water. Sand Gravel Filter These are commonly used filters, constructed by brick masonry and filleted by pebbles, gravel, and sand as shown in the fgure. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Charcoal Filter as shown in the fgure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be eparated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any. PVC- Pipe filter This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1. 20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is divided into three compartments by wire mesh. Each component should be filled with gravel and sand alternatively as shown in the fgure. A layer of charcoal could also be inserted between two layers. Both ends of filter should have reduce of required size to connect inlet and outlet. This filter could be placed horizontally or vertically in the system. Sponge Filter It is a simple filter made from PVC drum having a layer of sponge in the middle of drum. It is the easiest and cheapest form filter, suitable for residential units. Methods of Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting Storage of Direct use storage tank. The storage tank has to be designed according to the water requirements, rainfall and catchment availability. Each drainpipe should have mesh filter at mouth and first flush device followed by filtration system before connecting to the storage tank. It is advisable that each tank should have excess water over flow Excess water could be diverted to recharge system. Water from storage tank can be used for secondary purposes such as washing and gardening etc. This is the most cost effective way of rainwater harvesting. The main advantage of collecting and using the rainwater during rainy season is not only to save water from conventional sources, but also to save energy incurred on transportation and distribution of water at the doorstep. This also conserve groundwater, if it is being extracted to meet the demand when rains are on. Recharging ground water aquifers Ground water aquifers can be recharged by various kinds of structures to ensure ercolation of rainwater in the ground instead of draining away from the surface. Commonly used recharging methods are:- a) b) c) d) e) f) Recharging of bore wells Recharging of dug wells. Recharge pits Recharge Trenches Soak ways or Recharge Shafts Percolation Tanks Rainwater collected from rooftop of the building is diverted through drainpipes to settlement or filtration tank. After settlement filtered water is diverted to bore wells to recharge deep aquifers. Abandoned bore wells can also be used for recharge. Optimum capacity of settlement tank/filtration tank can be designed on the basis of rea of catchement, intensity of rainfall and recharge rate as discussed in design parameters. While recharging, entry of floating matter and silt should be restricted because it may clog the recharge structure. first one or two shower should be flushed out through rain separator to avoid contamination. This is very important, and all care should be taken to ensure that this has been done. Recharge Pits Recharge pits are small pits of any shape rectangular, square or circular, contracted with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. to of pit can be covered with perforated covers. Bottom of pit should be filled with filter media. The capacity of the pit can be designed on the basis of catchment area, rainfall intensity and recharge rate of soil. Usually the dimensions of the pit may be of 1 to 2 m width and 2 to 3 m deep depend ing on the depth of pervious strata. These pits are suitable for recharging of shallow aquifers, and small houses. Soak away or Recharge Shafts less pervious. These are bored hole of 30 cm dia. up to 10 to 15 m deep, depending on depth of pervious layer. Bore should be lined with slotted/perforated PVC/MS pipe to prevent collapse of the vertical sides. At the top of soak away required size ump is constructed to retain runoff before the filters through soak away. Sump should be filled with filter media. Recharging of dug wells Dug well can be used as recharge structure. Rainwater from the rooftop is diverted to dug wells after passing it through filtration bed. Cleaning and desalting of dug well should be done regularly to enhance the recharge rate. The filtration method suggested for bore well recharging could be used. Recharge trench in provided where upper impervious layer of soil is shallow. It is a trench excavated on the ground and refilled with porous media like pebbles, boulder or brickbats. t is usually made for harvesting the surface runoff. Bore wells can also be provided inside the trench as recharge shafts to enhance percolation. The length of the trench is decided as per the amount of runoff expected. This method is suitable for small houses, playgrounds, parks and roadside drains. The recharge trench can be of size 0. 50 to 1. 0 m wide and 1. 0 to 1. 5 m deep. Percolation tanks Percolation tanks are artificially created surface water bodies, submerging a land area with adequate permeability to facilitate sufficient percolation to recharge the ground water. These can be built in big campuses where land is available and Surface run-off and roof top water can be diverted to this tank. Water accumulating in the tank percolates in the solid to augment the ground water. The stored water can be used directly for gardening and raw use. Percolation tanks should be built in gardens, open spaces and roadside green belts of urban area. Dos and Donts Harvested rainwater is used for direct usage or for recharging aquifers. It is most important to ensure that the rainwater caught is free from pollutants. Following precautionary measures should be taken while harvesting rainwater:- Roof or terraces uses for harvesting should be clean, free from dust, algal plants etc. Roof should not be painted since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off. Do not store chemicals, rusting iron, manure or detergent on the roof. Nesting of birds on the roof should be prevented. Terraces should not be used for toilets either by human beings or by pets. Provide gratings at mouth of each drainpipe on terraces to trap leaves debris and floating materials. Provision of first rain separator should be made to flush off first rains. Do not use polluted water to recharge ground water. Ground water should only be recharged by rainwater. Before recharging, suitable arrangements of filtering should be provided. Filter media should be cleaned before every monsoon season.

5 Steps to Finding Success on Your Job Hunt

5 Steps to Finding Success on Your Job Hunt Struggling to find a job? Starting to despair? Feel like you’re doing all of the right things, but still not getting results? It’s possible that you are doing all the right things. But there are a few extra tricks you could still try to give yourself a little edge and improve your prospects on the job hunt. 1. Restrain yourselfIf you’re obviously overqualified for a position, resist the temptation to send your resume in anyway. You’ll look desperate. You’ll feel desperate. And the employer will toss your resume at first glance. If it’s obvious to you; it’s obvious to them. They’ll be worried that you’ll leave for a better opportunity at the drop of a hat- and, let’s face it, they’re probably right.2. Future-fit your resumeDon’t make your resume a simple list of where you’ve been and what you’ve done. Target it for the job you’re looking for, not the ones you’ve had. And cra ft it individually for each position you apply for. Reframe your skills and experience to be a perfect fit. Describe your background and interests in terms this company will jump about. (When in doubt, study the job description and the company’s mission statement for clues.)3. Never assumeYou know what they say: to assume is to make an â€Å"a**† out of â€Å"u† and â€Å"me.† So don’t expect a recruiter or hiring manager to read between the lines of your resume. If you haven’t spelled it out as clearly and concisely as possible- enough to be noticed in a quick skim- then you’re assuming they’ll put more work into reviewing your application than they ever will.4. Branch outDon’t ignore a potential connection because you don’t think they’re directly in a position to help you. You never know who will be your next link to your big fish. Don’t underestimate or overlook anyone. The world is wide and the b roader your network, the better your odds.5. Don’t advertiseIt’s one thing to tell close circles of contacts and friends that you’re looking for a job. It’s another to broadcast it and have to conduct the rest of your search under the scrutiny of your entire social network. Instead, be savvy with your social media. Publicize any transition skill/new qualifications or certifications on LinkedIn. And start being a resource for current trends and information in your other feeds. If people start to see you as an asset, they might think of you spontaneously and come to you first with new opportunities.

Now is no time for silence - Emphasis

Now is no time for silence Now is no time for silence Managers are failing to update their staff just when they need to most, it seems. The training manager of a blue-chip multinational was telling us recently how many managers had gone curiously quiet. It seems that their tongues (or their keyboards) have gone west along with the firms profits, just as their teams were looking to them for information and leadership. Lets face it, anyone can lead in the easy times, she said. Its at times like these that managers prove their worth. The problem is, of course, that the managers are just as worried and uncertain as everyone else. But harsh though it may seem, its no good drawing a managers salary if all you can do when times get tough is clam up and hide under the same black cloud as everyone else. If a team cant turn to management for leadership, then they quickly begin to wonder if anyones at the helm at all. These sentiments were echoed recently by the Association of Communicators in Business (CiB), which represents internal communications managers. They warned that organisations should redouble their internal-communication efforts during uncertain economic times rather than putting them on the back burner. They have a point. Internal communication may seem the least of a companys worries when sales are in free fall. But failing to keep your people in the loop can seriously demotivate them. And this effect can last long past the end of the recession, creating a corporate hangover that slows recovery. Worse still, although job security fears could keep them around for now, they may quickly jump ship as soon as the outlook improves. You have to ratchet up your commitment to engage with staff, says CiB chairman Paul Brasington. People are usually mature enough to understand bad news. The worst mistake is to say nothing. Among the steps you can take to improve internal communication in a recession are: explaining the direct impact of the recession on your industry and organisation, and saying what the firm will need to do to weather the storm telling people about job or budget cuts as soon as possible, along with the reasons and timescales keeping up the information flow, and making sure its two way: silence breeds rumours moving quickly to correct inaccurate information making sure employees hear news first, before you communicate it externally. Related links: High-impact writing Effective email writing

Case Analysis - Political Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Analysis - Political Interaction - Essay Example nstitution; however, there are multiple restrictions, in form of regulations limiting how lobbyists can appeal national administration for the reparation of criticisms(Ramanna et. al, 2015). Breaking the set rules, even for the corporations guarantees serious consequences including prison sentences. Nonetheless, corporate management is among the core facilitators of financing and lobbying the government; playing roles that have positive and negative influences. Among the core roles of corporate management, lies in campaign finance that entails distribution of available financial resources as contributions and expenditures throughout the campaigning period. Typically, most of the candidates agree that tackling this successfully depends on prominent determinants such as an understanding of the geography and having excellent strategies(Ramanna et. al, 2015). However, without corporate management, most of the executed approaches eventually fail. Corporate management, even outside financing and lobbying the government has most of the practices based on implementation and execution of the best strategies. Resultantly, it enhances the effectiveness of strategies and also comes ups with approaches on handling the expenses relative to campaign finance i.e. salary for the staff and consultants, rented properties, advertisement and purchasing of the utilities. Moreover, in most cases, corporate management applies in reduction of these expenses throug h review and development of better campaigning strategies(Ramanna et. al, 2015). Typically, corporate management enables a significant percentage of campaign efficiency through the inclusion of protocols, policies, approaches and other practices that are mostly prevalent in the corporate world. On the other hand, corporate management has a negative influence through relative practices in financing and lobbying for the government. In fact, most of the critics and negative perceptions of campaign finance and lobbying have the

High Rise at Malaya. Courtyard and Daylighting Thesis

High Rise at Malaya. Courtyard and Daylighting - Thesis Example The by-product effects of courtyard designs produce the feeling of serenity, calmness and composure upon the surrounding structural forms. Also, significant day lighting is one of the advantages of having courtyard designs in particular structures. The dispersion of natural light from a specific angle from the sun creates the naturalistic feel that is expected from courtyard designs. However in the era of the Modernism Movement in architecture, a new kind of design is inevitably incorporated amongst recent structures. As what the precepts of the movement dictates, modern architects push their designs to the limits while going back to the appearance of the basics – simple but elegant. Courtyard designs are incorporated in such structures as well. In this context, the effectiveness of the courtyard may vary from low rise to high rise structures. The amount of natural light and the feel of serenity can vary in the mentioned cases. Yet, modern architects had already answered this problem through the composition of materials that they had used in their modern structural designs. Hence, the issue of ecological living is a primary concern in modern courtyard designs. As compared to traditional courtyards, surrounding low rise structures provide the aura of naturalism which greatly contributes to the ecological aspect of the entire architectural design. In addition, the idea of replicated ecological feel is an issue attached to modern courtyard designs. The essence of naturalism is reproduced through the advancements of modern architecture. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to show that modern courtyard designs and the surrounding structures accompanying the open space do not fully incorporate the concept of ecological living within the whole structural design. This study aims to present a comparative approach between the modern and traditional courtyards. The advantages and the reliability of traditional courtyards will also be explained in this study. 1.3 Expected Outcomes of the Study A significant outcome that this study wishes to arrive at is the comparative conclusion between the advantages of traditional and modern courtyard designs in terms of ecological living. It is expected that a thorough explanation of terms be achieved. Historicizing the important concepts of traditional and modern courtyards is expected from the review of related literature. Architectural theories which accompany the traditional and modern courtyard designs are expected to be well explained. Through the comparison of designs and the effects of such in the naturalistic feel of respective courtyards, it must be clear that at the end of this study, traditional courtyard design best upholds the notion of ecological living. CHAPTER II: RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Traditional Chinese Courtyard Spatial Value: the Siheyuan One of the most harmonious examples of courtyard structures and design can be seen in the traditional Chinese courtyards or the Si heyuan. The concept of comfort and leisure are fused into the simple and Oriental layout of these courtyards evidenced through the architectural design of the mentioned. The Siheyuan are usually enclosed within four walls. The sizes vary from the minute to the largest layout in any given space. These structures are usually encircled by north and south main rooms and the accompanying wing rooms on respective sides which contain function areas such as the kitchen, the servants’ quarters, personal libraries and others.1 Even up to the present era, the Siheyuan still retain its traditional look in architectural design. This serves both the purposes of cultural and ecological aspects. In terms of culture, the traditional C

Spoken language vs written language

Spoken language vs written language Thes is statement: It is more difficult to understand the spoken language than the written language for some reasons. Annotated Bibliography Ridgway, T. (2000). Listening strategies- I beg your pardon? ELT Journal Volume 54/2 Oxford: Oxford University Press In the essay, Tony Ridgway writes about the basic differences between the spoken and the written language, furthermore, he clarifies the main disparities between spoken and written texts. In the centre of his work, he examines wheter the the skills and strategies which people use during reading could be transported into listening. In a separate paragraph, he explains what startegy means exactly, because according to him, there is confusion with it. Ridgway deals with the question of conscious listening and direct listening strategy, because in his view, it is impossible to do it directly. Afterwards, he tells his opinion about the importance of practising. At last, he explains the authentic texts, which means that realistic situations should appear in listening tasks. At the end, Ridgway summarises the topic of the essay in the practical consequences. Field, J. (2000). Not waving but drowning: a reply to Tony Ridgway ELT Journal Volume 54/2 Oxford: Oxford University Press In his essay, John Field deals with the same topic like Tony Ridgway, but he has a different opinion, so this is a critical reflection. There are ideas of Ridgway in which Field agrees with him, but not so many. He rather lists the assuptions of Ridgway, for example equality of texts, the question of transferring skills from the first language into the second, and the problem with simplified texts. Furthermore, he introduces two types of students: the risk-taker and the risk-avoider. He also expresses dissatisfaction about some definitions of Ridgway, like strategy, strategy types and skills. Afterwards, he summarises Ridgways main arguments and writes his own opinion about them. At the end of the essay, he explains Ridgways solution and tells, why he cannot agree with him. The National Capital Language Resource Center. (2003, 2004) Strategies for Developing Listening Skills. Teaching Listening. Washington, DC Retrieved from http:// www.nclrc.org/essentials/listening/stratlisten.htm The target of this article is to help students developing their listening strategies. According to the writer, listening is a really important part of language learning, but it needs to improve it. Students can easily generate better results with the following strategies: top-down, which means a listener based strategy, when students are familiar with the background of the text, and bottom-up, which means a text based strategy, when students listening for specific details and word-order patterns. The writer also mentions a metacognitive strategy, which means the preparation for the listening method and evaluate it. Afterwards, four basis steps are given to realize the aim: listening to meaning. These steps include figuration the purpose, selection the relevant pieces, selection an appropiate strategy and check of comprehension.

Posada Amazonas

Problem: The commoners appear to suffer disproportionately from problems related to alcohol abuse (such as absenteeism, drunkenness, and theft). This hinders the Posada Amazonas’ smooth operation and its ability to improve service quality and occupancy. In fact, in any given year, turnover can easily reach 50%, with as many as six people leaving. Solutions: (1) Design and implement health-related programs to improve the well-being of the commoners. The community’s governing body will enact new rules and policies aimed at reducing alcohol abuse by, for example, passing resolutions prohibiting alcohol use among any employee of Posada Amazonas the day before any employee is scheduled to work. * Train a group of new community leaders to address substance abuse and other health issues facing the community. * Form committees to work on strategic plans addressing alcohol abuse. By form coalitions, the community can work together to solve health issues. (2) Create activities in each of the following primary areas: * Public Awareness/Community-Wide Prevention.Draw on native cultural traditions in the hopes that as people identify more with their heritage, they will be less likely to abuse alcohol or other substances. * Early Identification and Treatment. Create projects that seek to intervene with those at high risk. * Alcoholism Treatment and Aftercare. Focus on providing options for commoners returning from treatment, such as support groups and entering training programs. These programs will be funded by the net profit paid to the Ese'eja community by the Posada Amazonas project.If turnover can be eliminated, Posada Amazonas could create a working team to ensure a smooth operation for the lodge. Problem: Posada Amazonas’ approach to integrating the lodge into the community and how it trains and prepares the commoners for their jobs needs to be reevaluated. Solution: Maintain and increase the commoners’ involvement and stake in the lodge. Th e commoners form an integral part of the community, although their customs and attitudes toward vary somewhat from those of Rainforest Expeditions.This can be accomplished through: * Revised training methods and participation of indigenous community members in all lodge positions that will be more in line with their culture and values. * Community participation in all aspects of project design, management, and operations. * Combining wildlife conservation, management, and research practices to develop local natural attractions. * Monitoring and evaluation of the economic, ecological, and social impacts of tourism on the area and community * Enhancing and preserving indigenous cultural values.