Censorship in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 - 777 Words

Fahrenheit 451 accurately portrays Censorship as it has been throughout history. Ray Bradbury was probably influenced by world events during his time, such as the cold war and other diplomatic leaders who have censored their citizens to avoid the truth from getting out. From politicians right now and their attempts to censor the media, to censorship from the history of other foreign countries the actions of the â€Å"Firemen† in Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 are similar in method and meaning. The action of the book burnings by the â€Å"Firemen† to destroy self-thinking and self-awareness has been shown in a never ending cycle within the book and throughout history. Disposing of offending literature, violence or potential harm to the authors of books and writings are just some of the method in which people use to ban literature. The main character, Guy Montag, one of those â€Å"Firemen†, questioned why he had to burn the books on order from the governme nt instead of letting people read them freely and what was so dangerous about the books that the government was willing to harm people in order to hide the contents of such writings. In the novel Montag takes a sick day, and stays home in the very same house that he has books hidden within, the Chief Captain Beatty came to visit him and explained that society had self-censored the books in order to achieve happiness and ease of mind, and how the government had taken advantage of that. â€Å"Obviously, The danger is not in the actual act ofShow MoreRelatedCensorship In Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 And Harrison Bergeron1172 Words   |  5 Pagesdegraded to one.† In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 and Kurt Vonnegut’s Harrison Bergeron the government uses censorship to make everyone equal. Censorship cause utopian societies to become dystopian due to a false perception of happiness, untruthful statements and strong outliers. A false perception of happiness due to censorship causes the society to become unhappy with their lives and to become emotionally numb. The society questions their lives and purpose. In Fahrenheit 451: Montag was not happyRead MoreCensorship in Dystopia in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesRay Bradbury comments the censorship in the future, even though this novel was written in the early 1950s by showing these same ideas in a dystopian novel called Fahrenheit 451. He shows the readers how terrible censorship really is by writing about it in his novel. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses technological controls, such as television and seashells, to show the reader about how controlled the public is by the government and how their minds are being controlled by these certain technologiesRead MoreRay Bradbury Once Said, â€Å"Collecting Facts Is Important.1517 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury once said, â€Å"Collecting facts is important. Knowledge is important. But if you don t have an imagination to use the knowledge, civilization is nowhere† (www.brainyquote.com). This powerful quote said by the author of the novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† pr ovides insight to the overlying problems found in the futuristic utopian society. Ray Bradbury is well known for his masterful use of words to fill his novels with theme. Do we, as readers, pick up on the many universal ideas, or themes, authorsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1200 Words   |  5 Pagesto their observations and views on society and its functions. In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated the corruption of the society in which he lived in into the dystopian society created in his book. Fahrenheit 451, a fictional book about a protagonist’s attempt to overcome a dystopian society’s corruption, was written by Ray Bradbury while living in 1950’s America. The book focuses on themes of censorship, and illustrates the effects of when a society is controlled and limited. TheRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511360 Words   |  6 Pages Ray Bradbury and his Fahrenheit 451 Future Technology has had many great contributions, but is it destroying America as author Ray Bradbury foreseen back in the 1950’s. The intent of this paper is to explain how Fahrenheit 451, which was written over 65 years ago, has begun to come true in some aspects of American society today. The intended audience for this paper is fellow students who have not read this novel, and the professor. Ray Bradbury’s role in Fahrenheit 451 is to help readers understandRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Ray Bradbury1077 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451: Ray Bradbury An Annotated Bibliography Johnston, Amy E. Boyle. â€Å"Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 Misinterpreted.† L.A. Weekly, 4 Apr. 2016, Http://Www.laweekly.com/News/Ray-Bradbury-Fahrenheit-451-Misinterpreted-2149125. This article is about the author having an interview with Ray Bradbury about how people are mistreated because they was been kept uninformed and ignorant about censorship when its really about technology destroying the use ofRead MoreEssay on Censoring the Pages of Knowledge1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthemes in Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451 is the idea of censorship. In Bradburys fictional world, owning books is illegal. A firemans job is not putting out fires like one may assume. In Fahrenheit 451, a fireman has the job of starting fires. Firefighters start fires in homes containing books. If this were reality, there would be no homes to live in. Books have become an integral part of American life. However, the theme of censorship is still relevant in American life. Censorship is enforcedRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512532 Words   |  11 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is a magnificent masterpiece written to aid in visualizing what a distant future dystopian society would look like; one in which everyone lives in the fast lane, technology is at its crowning, void of human relations and instant satisfactions, as well as gratifications, are constantly being pursued. The novel was written during the era where communism and the holocaust began to sprout. Mr. Bradbury, being a patriot of his country, feared that society was leaning towardRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, thou gh an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and the

UIII Examine the Role of Critical Thinking - 500 Words

UIII Examine the Role of Critical Thinking Elder and Paul (2011) posit, â€Å"There are predictable stages through which every person who develops as a critical thinker passes† (p. 1). I agree with this assertion. If we assume that the premise learning is a process holds true, then that process offers great insights of Elder and Paul’s argument. The later premise for learning as a process shows that a thinker must moves from regions of familiarity to unfamiliar one. Critical thinking requires that the person understand the basic concept of a theory if s/he is to think critically about that theory. The converse ideation where critical thinking precedes basic understanding is fallacious. This makes critical thinking process to be predictable.†¦show more content†¦Thinking in such a scenario shifts from mere speculations to thinking rationally by widening the scope of thinking. Nevertheless, this is a decision that the nurse makes rather than the policies and guidelines established to govern nursing practi ce. The nurse moves from basic reasoning to â€Å"critical reasoning through active reflection and subsequent judgment† (Benner, Hughes, Sutphen, 2008, p. 3). This cannot take place automatically. The nurse has to be conscious or aware that s/he is thinking critically about a situation or an intervention strategy. If I am to develop my personal critical thinking ability, I must first make a conscious choice to understand the basic concept of a premise and then make critical reflection of this basic concept by expanding my thinking approach. To achieve this, I must ask radical questions that will enhance the scope of analysis and judgment. I must move from the region of subconscious thinking to one of conscious thinking because in so doing, I become aware that I am actually thinking. This awareness will allow me to think beyond rudimentary concepts through critical reasoning and critical reflection to decipher underlying issues that are concealed in the concept under investigation. By understanding the predictable

Ethics Behind Challenger and Columbia Disastors free essay sample

C hallenger and Columbia disasters from a n Engineering Ethics standpoint I ntroduction: Very widely-used case studies in engineering ethics are the two failures of the space shuttles Challenger in 1986 during its liftoff and Columbia in 2003 during its reentry into the Earth’s orbit. What is interesting about the two space shuttle failures is that they had similar circumstances in them. Engineers recognized technical issues that might lead to the failures and communicated serious safety concerns in the two missions to their managers, and then managers outweighed engineers’ concerns and placed their management concerns above the safety concerns because engineers didn’t have conclusive data. R eview of the space shuttle failures from an ethical perspective: The case of Challenger: On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded seventy-four seconds after launching. All the seven crew members lost their lives. Investigations showed that the catastrophe was due to a critical failure in the O-ring seals of the right Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) that prevents the leakage of hot gases from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics Behind Challenger and Columbia Disastors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a matter of fact, and since the start of NASA’s Space Transportation System (STS), Morton Thiokol’s, the manufacturer of SRBs, engineers knew that there was a flaw in the design of the O-rings used in SRBs. (Boisjoly, 1987) According to Boisjoly, a mechanical engineer employed by Morton Thiokol, engineers found a severe O-ring damage in a joint of SRB during post-flight inspection in 1985. After investigating the issue, he suggested that low temperatures during the liftoff lengthened the period needed by O-rings to move from their groove. Boisjoly informed a senior manager in Morton Thiokol that a new design was needed for the O-rings; otherwise there would be a risk for a disaster during any planned launches with O-rings of the old design. As the program proceeded, NASA encountered many delays and difficulties. Also, the congress was becoming increasingly unhappy from the shuttle project and NASA’s performance. This raised concerns in NASA about the continued budget support to the shuttle project; this motivated NASA to plan a record number of launches for 1986 to convey the congress a message that a progress in the project is being made. Also, upon the fast progress of the European Space Agency project of developing cheaper space missions, NASA had to prove that the US was still leading in the field of Space Exploration. Several delays for the launching of Challenger took place in January 1986 due to low temperatures and mechanical problems many times, and because the president Reagen wasn’t present for launching when the temperature stalled one time. Also, the White House intervened so that Challenger launch occurs before the President’s State of the Union address scheduled on January 28th so that the President could refer to the liftoff, and maybe to have a live conversation with Challenger’s astronauts during the address. Under all this political pressure, NASA managers had to make publicrelations success, so these insisted on a launch on January 28th, holding paramount the shuttle program’s continued economic viability. Giving in under all the pressures made and insight of the technical risk of launching raised (to be discussed later), NASA’s management violated the most principle Professional Ethics canon of holding the public safety as their primary concern. Managers didn’t obey the canons of management professional ethics of â€Å"sound judgment† and communication, understanding and cooperation with employees at all levels†; they were informed about the hazard lying behind the launch at low temperatures; however they acted in recklessness and irresponsibility with the issue. Thiokol engineers were very concerned about the O-ring’s failure observed in the coldest previous launch, especially that colder and worse weather conditions were expected at the day of planned launching of Challenger. Thiokol Vice President Joe Kilminster said, â€Å"Thiokol can’t recommend launching if the temperature was below 53 F†. Rossow, 2012) With the serious concerns raised, NASA conducted a teleconference between engineers and manages from Kennedy Space Center, Marshall’s Space Center and Thiokol. Roger Boisjoly and Arnie Tho mson, two of the engineers who worked on SRB, gave a presentation on how the low temperatures could affect the sealing objective of O -rings and alter their function. However, they didn’t have conclusive data. So at the end of the conference, Thiokol manage rs reversed the position of the company and recommended the launch contrary the views of its engineers. A final statement said by one of the managers, â€Å"take off your engineering hat, and put on your management hat† summarized how the final decision was made. Before launching, Ice Team measured the thickness of the ice, and they recorded a temperature of 8 F far below the O rings tolerances. However, this information was never passed to the decision makes just because it is not the team’s responsibility to report anything but the Ice Thickness. If concerned engineers had known about this, the whole launch process would have been delayed and the disaster would have been avoided. Engineers did abide by NSPE code of conduct by acknowledging their employers that there might be a failure of launching; however they acted with some sort of irresponsibility according to ASCE. ASCE They didn’t â€Å"blow the whisle† acknowledging external authorities when they knew that the managers were going for launching posing a direct threat to the safety, health, or welfare of the crew. ASCE code of conduct states, â€Å"If it becomes necessary to blow the whistle, the employee must advise the appropriate regulatory agency or a law enforcement agencyâ€Å". Also managers were to be blamed for their recklessness, they knew the risk present; nevertheless they did nothing about it. Also, there were poor communication between NASA and Thiokol. Data presented by the engineers of Thiokel in the teleconference weren’t conclusive, and due to the absence of clarity in the data present, managers didn’t understand the real risk. A last very important main ethical issue that can be raised in this case is the concept of â€Å"informed consent†. They crew didn’t know about the technical issues related to the flight. In the morning of the flight, the crew was informed about the ice on the launch pad, but wasn’t informed about the serious issues discussed in the teleconference the night before. So in practical, the crew agreed on being consent since they chose to be in the mission; however they weren’t an â€Å"informed consent† which violates the â€Å"informed consent† canon of professional ethics. The Case of Columbia: On February 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia exploded and disintegrated upon entering the Earth’s orbit above Texas. The entire seven crew members were killed in the accident. Columbia was the second complete failure of a space shuttle that NASA had encountered during its 30-year Space Transportation System. Later investigations showed that a part of the insulation foam covering the external tank of the shuttle separated and stroke the leading edge of the left wing of Columbia. This caused damage in the insulation system covering the left wing which protects the shuttle’s body from overheating during reentry into the earth’s orbit, which the material of the body can’t withstand. So, during reentry, and due to high temperature, a fire initiated in the left wing of the shuttle, and eventually the whole shuttle exploded and disintegrated. According to NASA’s space shuttle design specification, any loss of the insulation foam whether from the shuttle or from the critical zone of the tank during liftoff is a serious safety threat. However, almost in every shuttle mission to space, a part of the insulation foam is damaged because of the space debris. Yet, because of the success of missions with small damage in the insulation foam, NASA considered it as â€Å"in-flight anomalies†, and not something very serious. There were some sort of critical recklessness in this issue; NASA should rather have development maintenance methods in the space to avoid catastrophes like that of Columbia of the shuttle into the Earth’s orbit. In the case of challenger. The engineers were very concerned about what happened. Launch videos showed that the separated part was big in size and of high momentum. This led them to a doubt about the size of the possible damage in the insulation foam; so they asked for Satellite images for the shuttle’s wing. American Air Forces agreed on their demand, however, and because the incorrect request procedure followed; the manager of Columbia’s flight cancelled the request. By this practice, she acted with recklessness and violated the code of management ethics regarding â€Å"sound judgment†; maybe the engineers didn’t follow the right procedure, but she was to blame for being egocentric and reckless about why they would request such a thing. Because of the bad communication between the engineers and the management, the engineers didn’t have the requested images and thus couldn’t make accurate estimation of the damage that occurred; yet, motivated by their engineering responsibility towards Columbia’s crew and using their microscopic eye, they gave a presentation on the possible damage that occurred and the possible scenarios to fix it. However, the inconclusive data that the engineers had ailed to convince the managers that it was a safety issue, and not only a maintenance issue as the managers believed. Indeed, once when the manager of Columbia’s flight was asked about the rejection of the engineer’s request, she said, â€Å"The time needed to correctly maneuver the shuttle for pictures will unduly impact the mission schedule†. (Kelly, 2004) The manager was very close-minded; she didn’t give any sort of attention to the safety concerns raised to her by engineers. Her mism anagement was very unethical and irresponsible. Ethically, engineers are to blame too. They knew better than engineers about the seriousness of the risk present due to the technical errors in the shuffle; they didn’t blow the whistle asking for external authorities’ intervention when they felt that their managers are careless about a serious issue. Conclusions: Both shuttles of Challenger and Columbia although being disastrous to the human, they carried a lot of lessons within their leaves. In both cases, unethical management by managers led to poor communication with engineers. All what managers thought about was the funding to their programs and meeting the schedules despite the concerns raised to them in both cases. Engineers acted responsibly and abided by the codes of conduct of engineers of ensuring the safety of the shuttles and astronauts, however they were to blame for not blowing whistles. On the other hand, managers acted unethically but outweighing engineers’ fears and tending to favor historical trends over safety concerns in their decisionmaking.

Study Guideline Essay Example

Study Guideline Essay How to write your study plan You are more than just a grade report sheet, and the study plan section of your application is your chance to tell us about yourself. Personal statements are not easy to write, and require substantial planning. Entry to Tsukuba is highly competitive, so spending time on writing the best personal statement possible is important. Plan We’re interested in why you chose this course, at Tsukuba, and Japan. Ask yourself; Why did I choose to study this major? Why are you interested in this subject? Is there a specific topic within this field which interests you? Have you studied this before? What do you expect from the program and from the university? Are you aiming to become qualified for a specific job? Why did I choose Tsukuba, rather than another G30 university? Have you investigated the other G30 universities? What was it that attracted you to Tsukuba specifically? Why do I want to study in Japan? Do you have some special attachment to Japan or Japanese culture? What are my long-term goals, and how does studying in Tsukuba help me reach those goals? Do you want to go on to a Masters degree or PhD? Do you want to work in Japan after graduation? We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guideline specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guideline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guideline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What makes me a stand-out candidate? Do you have some special skills or passions which make you a more interesting person? What personal qualities do you possess which make you a good choice for this program? Write Drafts You should have a lot of information on paper by now. That information has to be organised and a draft (or two or three) of your study plan will have to be written. Use separate paragraphs for separate sections, and try to impose a logical structure on your writing. Think carefully about how you want to structure your personal statement. Try to be concise when writing your study plan. The use of concrete examples can help you express yourself clearly. We appreciate that English is some applicants’ second language. However, please try your best not to make spelling errors and use correct grammar and punctuation. Keep your sentences short and simple. Get Feedback Finally, when you’ve written your draft, we suggest giving it a few days and re-reading it. Ask for teachers, parents or friends to read it over and give honest feedback. Give yourself plenty of time to work through numerous versions of your draft, until you are completely happy.

How to Conjugate the German Verb Trinken (to Drink)

How to Conjugate the German Verb Trinken (to Drink) The verb trinken is a strong (irregular) verb meaning to drink. It is a very handy verb to know for traveling to German-speaking countries, or even just singing German drinking songs. As an irregular verb, you cant predict how it is conjugated by a strict rule. You will need to study and memorize its forms. Note that its German principal parts follow the same i/a/u pattern of English (drink/drank/drunk). This is the ablaut Class 3a i - a - u pattern. It is shared with other strong verbs  including binden (tie), dringen  (press), finden (find) and singen (sing). Principal Parts: trinken trank getrunkenImperative (Commands): (du) Trink! | (ihr) Trinkt! | Trinken Sie! Trinken -   Present Tense -  Prsens Deutsch English Singular Present Tense ich trinke I drinkI am drinking du trinkst you drinkyou are drinking er trinkt sie trinkt es trinkt he drinkshe is drinkingshe drinksshe is drinkingit drinksit is drinking Plural Present Tense wir trinken we drinkwe are drinking ihr trinkt you (guys) drinkyou (guys) are drinking sie trinken they drinkthey are drinking Sie trinken you drinkyou are drinking Examples: Er trinkt kein Bier. He doesnt drink beer.Ich trinke lieber Wein. I prefer to drink wine. Trinken -  Simple Past Tense -  Imperfekt Deutsch English Singular Simple Past Tense ich trank I drank du trankst you drank er tranksie trankes trank he drankshe drankit drank Plural Simple Past Tense wir tranken we drank ihr trankt you (guys) drank sie tranken they drank Sie tranken you drank Trinken -  Compound Past Tense (Present Perfect) -  Perfekt Deutsch English Singular Compound Past Tense ich habe getrunken I have drunkI drank du hast getrunken you have drunkyou drank er hat getrunken sie hat getrunken es hat getrunken he has drunkhe drankshe has drunkshe drankit has drunkit drank Plural Compound Past Tense wir haben getrunken we have drunkwe drank ihr habt getrunken you (guys) have drunkyou drank sie haben getrunken they have drunkthey drank Sie haben getrunken you have drunkyou drank Trinken -  Past Perfect Tense -  Plusquamperfekt Deutsch English Singular Past Perfect Tense ich hatte getrunken I had drunk du hattest getrunken you had drunk er hatte getrunkensie hatte getrunkenes hatte getrunken he had drunkshe had drunkit had drunk Plural Past Perfect Tense wir hatten getrunken we had drunk ihr hattet getrunken you (guys) had drunk sie hatten getrunken they had drunk Sie hatten getrunken you had drunk Example Using Trinken Accusative:  Was will  er  trinken?  What does he want to drink? Uses of the Root for Nouns Knowing the different tenses of trinken, you can recognize how it is used in nouns for beverages. Getrnke: beverages or drinksdas Getrnk beverage, drinkder Getrnkemarkt: beverage shop. Here you buy beverages such as beer, cola, or mineral water by the case. Supermarkets now usually have a similar department.

A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison

A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison The following summarizes one of the best-known  examples of the Indian Captivity Narrative.  It was written in 1823 by James E. Seaver from interviews with Mary Jemison, a Scots-Irish woman who was taken by the Seneca during a raid when she was twelve and adopted by a Native family.  Its important to remember, when reading it, that such narratives were often exaggerated and sensational, but, paradoxically, also depicted Native Americans in more human and humane ways than other documents of the time tended to. The original narrative is available in whole at several other sources: A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary JemisonA Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison - Google BooksA Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison - Project Gutenberg Note: in this summary, words from the original which are now considered disrespectful  are used, to preserve historical accuracy of the book. From the front material: An Account of the Murder of her Father and his Family; her sufferings; her marriage to two Indians; her troubles with her Children; barbarities of the Indians in the French and Revolutionary Wars; the life of her last Husband, c.; and many Historical Facts never before published.Carefully taken from her own words, Nov. 29th, 1823. Preface: The author describes what is for him the importance of biography, then details his sources: mostly interviews with the then-80-year-old Mrs. Jemison. Introduction: Seaver describes some of the history which his audience may or may not have known, including the Peace of 1783, the wars with the French and Indians, the American Revolutionary War, and more. He describes the Mary Jemison as she came to the interviews. Chapter 1: Tells of the ancestry of Mary Jemison, how her parents came to America and settled in Pennsylvania, and an omen foreshadowing her captivity. Chapter 2: Discusses her education, then a description of the raid where she was taken captive and her early days of captivity. It narrates her memories of her mothers parting words, the murder of her family after she was separated from them, her encounter of the scalps of her family members, how the Indians evaded their pursuers, and the arrival of Jemison, a young white man, and a white boy with the Indians at Fort Pitt. Chapter 3: After the young man and boy are given to the French, Mary is given to two squaws. She journeys down the Ohio River, and arrives at a Seneca town where she is officially adopted and receives a new name.  She describes her work and how she learns the Seneca language while preserving knowledge of her own. She goes to Sciota on a hunting tour, returns, and is taken back to Fort Pitt, but returned to the Indians, and feels her hopes of Liberty destroyed.  In time, Mary returns to Sciota then to Wishto, where she marries a Delaware, develops an affection for him, gives birth to her first child who dies, recovers from her own illness, then gives birth to a son she names Thomas Jemison. Chapter 4: Mary and her husband go from Wishto to Fort Pitt. In this section, she contrasts the lives of white and Indian women. She describes interactions with the Shawnees and her travel up the Sandusky. She sets out for Genishau  while her husband goes to Wishto. She describes her relationships with her Indian brothers and sisters and her Indian mother. Chapter 5: The Indians go to fight the British at Niagara, and return with prisoners who are sacrificed. Her husband dies. John Van Cise tries to ransom her.  She narrowly escapes several times, and her brother first threatens her, then brings her home. She marries again, and the chapter ends with her naming her children. Chapter 6: Finding twelve or fifteen years of peace, she describes the life of the Indians, including their celebrations, form of worship, their business and their morality.  She describes a treaty made with the Americans (who are still British citizens), and the promises made by the British commissioners and the reward from the British.  Indians break the treaty by killing a man at Cautega, then take prisoners at Cherry Valley and ransom them at Beards Town.  After a battle at Fort Stanwix [sic], the Indians mourn their losses.  During the American Revolution, she describes how Col. Butler and Col. Brandt used her home as a base for their military operations. Chapter 7: She describes Gen. Sullivans march on the Indians and how it affects the Indians. She goes to Gardow for a time. She describes a severe winter and the suffering of the Indians, then the taking of some prisoners, including an old man, John OBail, married to and Indian woman. Chapter 8: Ebenezer Allen, a Tory, is the subject of this chapter. Ebenezer Allen comes to Gardow after the Revolutionary War, and her husband responds with jealousy and cruelty. Allens further interactions include bringing goods from Philadelphia to Genesee.  Allens several wives and business affairs, and finally his death. Chapter 9: Mary is offered her freedom by her brother, and permitted to go to her friends, but her son Thomas is not permitted to go with him. So she chooses to stay with the Indians for the remainder of my days. Her brother travels, then dies, and she mourns his loss. Her title to her land is clarified, subject to restrictions as Indian land. She describes her land, and how she leased it out to white people, to better support herself. Chapter 10: Mary describes her mostly happy life with her family, and then the sad enmity that develops between her sons John and Thomas, with Thomas considering John a witch for marrying two wives. While drunk, Thomas  often fought with  John  and threatened him, though their mother tried to counsel them, and John finally killed his brother during a fight. She describes the Chiefs trial of John, finding Thomas the first transgressor. Then she reviews his life, including telling how his second son by his fourth and last wife attended Dartmouth College in 1816, planning to study medicine. Chapter 11: Mary Jemisons husband Hiokatoo died in 1811 after four years of illness, estimating him at 103 years of age. She tells of his life and the battles and wars in which he fought.   Chapter 12: Now an elderly widow, Mary Jemison is saddened that her son John begins fighting with his brother Jesse, Marys youngest child and the main support of his mother, and she describes how John comes to murder Jesse.   Chapter 13: Mary Jemison describes her interactions with a cousin, George Jemison, who came to live with his family on her land in 1810, while her husband was still alive. Georges father, had emigrated to America after his brother, Marys father, was killed and Mary taken captive. She paid his debts and gave him a cow and some pigs, and also some tools. She also loaned him one of her son Thomas cows. For eight years, she supported the Jemison family. He convinced her to write a deed for what she thought was forty acres, but she later found out that it actually specified 400, including land that didnt belong to Mary but to a friend. When he refused to return Thomas cow to one of Thomas sons, Mary decided to evict him. Chapter 14: She described how her son John, a doctor among the Indians, went to Buffalo and returned. He saw what he thought was an omen of his death, and, on a visit to Squawky Hill, quarreled with two Indians, starting a brutal fight, ending with the two of them killing John. Mary Jemison had a funeral after the manner of the white people for him. She then describes more of Johns life. She offered to forgive the two who killed him if they would leave, but they would not.  One killed himself, and the other lived in the Squawky Hill community until his death. Chapter 15: In 1816, Micah Brooks, Esq, helps her confirm the title of her land.  A petition for Mary Jemisons naturalization was submitted to the state legislature, and then a petition to Congress. She details further attempts to transfer her title and lease her land, and her wishes for disposal of waht remains in her possession, at her death. Chapter 16: Mary Jemison reflect on her life, including what the loss of liberty meant, how she took care of her health, how other Indians cared for themselves. She describes a time when it was suspected she was a witch.   I have been the mother of eight children; three of whom are now living, and I have at this time thirty-nine grand children, and fourteen great-grand children, all living in the neighborhood of Genesee River, and at Buffalo. Appendix: Sections in the appendix deal with: Devils Hole battle in 1763General Sullivans Expedition in 1779Seneca traditions about their origins and languageIndian religion, feasts, the great sacrificeIndian dances: the war dance and the peace danceIndian governmentthe Six Nationscourtship, marriage, divorcefamily governmentfuneralscredulity: belief in spirits, witches, etc.farming by Indian womenIndian ways of computing time and keeping recordsanecdotesdescription of the Genesee river and its banksa hunting anecdote

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Health care - Essay Example This diversification approach is comparable to the saying that one should avoid putting all eggs in one basket. Individuals can also avoid the unnecessary risk of investing their capital at the wrong occasion. Once one has saved the money, he or she should carefully consider effective options vital for diversification strategy. Diversification is crucial because it guarantees an individual towards improving the chances of losing money. 2. Although many individuals view health care regulatory as a hindrance to their business, the regulatory are crucial because they protect the public safety. This is because the regulations are meant to protect the interest of the public. However,  many regulations are created by incumbent to protect the health care market especially from competitors. Many individuals in the health care find it difficult to enter the health care field because of the risks being involved and regulatory policies. However, one should be ready to risk financial security and career in an effort of transforming innovations into economic goods. He or she should understand the health care market effectively, and develop a clear vision or extremely work hard to become successful. In case an individual is interested in the health care field, he or she should appreciate the roles and limitations of new technologies as well as health care regulatory requirements. This is because the health care regulations a re crucial because they help to protect the consumer from consuming harmful

Critical assessment of the contention that todays globalised business Essay

Critical assessment of the contention that todays globalised business environment is mainly about the production of flows, and needs to take little account of territories - Essay Example Flows are a significant part of the current globalization process because they allow for cultures and economies of different countries to be integrated to one another. This leads to the creation of a common style of doing things and a step towards the development of a common global culture (Wolf 2004). A territory refers to a defined area of water and land mass, and air owned by a country, state, organization or a person. People have often hold the view that globalization has caused the dissolving of all boundaries and borders and that cultural influences, people and money can flow freely all round the globe. According to such a view, the globalised business environment is basically about the creation of needs and flows that take little consideration of territories. However, there are instances in which we find that the flows of goods, technologies or services are subject to territory border restrictions (Bhagwati 2004). ICT has played a significant role in globalization because it has changed the environment in which services and goods are created and distributed. Currently, people move across international boundaries for purposes of business, studies, searching for better economic opportunities and tourism. This in turn has led to transfer of technologies, trade patterns and factor endowments across the world. (Freeman 2006). Even with the potential advantages of globalisation, there are still policies that control or restrict the free movement of workers into advanced labour markets. Some territories continue to be a significant part of today’s globalization to a great extends for example the San Diego-Tijuana. Tijuana-San Diego lies on the border between, San Diego and Tijuana, two large coastal cities in North America. The international metropolitan area is located at the junction of major state routes, interstates and federal highways. It is positioned at the terminus of 10 major federal highways and interstates. Stiglitz(2006) explains that such a strategic position is important for globalization because it serves as a point which people or states meet and integrate. It facilitates easy flow and exchange of ideas, goods, capital, technology and people. San Diego is a significant area of culture finance, and economies in California while Tijuana is a significant regional business center in northwestern Mexico. Globalization has enabled the region to remain as a dominant commercial center in the US. According to Noah Timothy (2010), San Diego experiences the most active land-crossing in the world as people cross for business and tourist purposes. Globalisation has allowed san Diego-Tijuana to grow to a powerful economic region in the California. As much as globalization has increased the flow of goods or people across borders, there are still some policies and trade regulations in some countries that restrict the importation of certain goods (Bhagwati 2004). For exa mple the importation of certain merchandise are restricted or totally prohibited in Portugal to protect its economy and security while some are subject to restrain under import quota (US. Department of Commerce 2010).This means that globalization does not have the power to disregard territories. The current flow of goods people, finance and cultural ideas around has bound up territories through the creation of a global competitive environment that

Too Much Medication Essay Example for Free

Too Much Medication Essay One Source Cited: On 9 February 2007 The Boston Globe presented an obvious example of partiality in its presentation of an overdose of psychotropic drugs; leading to the death of 4-year-old Rebecca Riley. Consequently, this sparked debates about whether health officials should press urgently to establish the advantages of treating children with psychotropic drugs, and the safety measures that go along with their use. From top to bottom, the text questions: the dangers of over-medicating children who show signs of potential mental disorders; the age at which children should start the prescribed medication; assessment of children after psychotropic medication treatment; and the responsibility of doctors to evaluate the ability of parents to oversee these potentially fatal drugs (The Boston Globe). For the purposes of this essay, I am forced to agree that ‘health officials should press urgently to determine the advantages of treating children with psychotropic drugs, and the cautions that must accompany their use’. The research I found on this topic appear to support the idea that intense discussion and consideration about pharmacotherapy is vital for future directions of treating children with these medications. According to Hyman (2006) there are far more difficulties in determining the risks and benefits of psychotropic drugs in children. There is also less information known about mental disorders in children than in adults and numerous drugs have not been sufficiently tested in children, particularly because their brains are still developing. In addition, there is even less data about the safety and efficacy of antidepressants in children (Hyman 2006). In actual fact, Hyman (2006) states that these drugs are being used even in the absence of data. That is why I strongly argue in favour of the need for more clinical research involving children, to identify the potential risk-benefits of psychopharmacology. It is the responsibility of caregivers to diagnose; manage and be commited to training in this area. Therefore we need to find out whether the approaches of these drugs are beneficial and safe for children. Furthermore, we have to think about a greater goal and a more practical way to enhance the quality of life for children showing signs of possible mental disorders. What we need to do is patch-up the treatment gaps and incorporate an effective monitoring system which allows health professionals to liaison with schools, other professionals and agencies. In doing so, we may improve diagnostics, treatment and follow-up services and possibly even avoid the recurrence of over-medication? References The Boston Globe: http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2007/02/09/too_much_medication/ Hyman, S.E. (2006). Improving our brains? [Electronic Version]. Biosocieties, 1, 103-111. Retrieved 16 February 2007 from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/login;jsessionid=36ED98BDE8893D2A30D1BEED7CE0AD3C.tomcat1

Essay --

During exercise, in order to obtain energy, muscles have to burn carbohydrates and lipids, which causes the production of heat. The increase in metabolism during exercise increases the body’s core temperature (Burton, 2004). Circulating blood flow is used to transport the excessive metabolic heat produced by the working muscles. The heat is transported to the surface of the body and it is released to the environment. Radiation, convection or by evaporation of sweat, are the three main ways the body gets rid of excessive heat (Fortney, 1985). The hypothalamic neurons control the body temperature (Soare, etl,2011). These neurons modulate the autonomic and hormonal control of heat production and heat loss. This allows for the constant maintenance of core body temperature when the environment temperature changes (Soare, etl,2011). When the core body temperature is at an ideal temperature, the internal organs and the bodily systems work at their best. The ideal temperature to be at is 98.6 F. Having it below 96 F or over 100 F the organs and systems will not work properly. Exercise sessions performed 2-3 times a week can help improve cardiovascular fitness (White, 2013). Not being active enough increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other disorders. Over time, exercise reduces cardiovascular risk, reduces blood pressure and decreases insulin resistance (Cohen, 2013). The cardiovascular system is a direct beneficiary of increased physical activity. Exercise can minimize the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system and improve circulation, heart function, blood fat lipid levels, and reduce blood pressure. On the other hand, people who live a sedentary life are more prone to cardiovascular disease (Exercise for ... ...s that exercise will have on the body. Oxygen demand increases when doing a physical activity. This causes the person to breath heavy. During exercise, the respiratory rate will elevate and might remain elevated after heavy exercise for up to 1–2 h. During strenuous exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume increase to about 90% of their maximum values. The body can never use oxygen at a higher rate than the rate at which the cardiovascular system can transport oxygen to the tissues (Burton, 2004). Staying physically fit will lose body fat, increase energy, and improve confidence (Bergen, 2013). To prevent weight gain, 150-250 minutes of moderate exercise a week is recommended. People that exercise have decrease in body fat and an increase in quality of life. Their energy level was also measured and they scored higher than the controlled group (Burnham, 2002). Essay -- During exercise, in order to obtain energy, muscles have to burn carbohydrates and lipids, which causes the production of heat. The increase in metabolism during exercise increases the body’s core temperature (Burton, 2004). Circulating blood flow is used to transport the excessive metabolic heat produced by the working muscles. The heat is transported to the surface of the body and it is released to the environment. Radiation, convection or by evaporation of sweat, are the three main ways the body gets rid of excessive heat (Fortney, 1985). The hypothalamic neurons control the body temperature (Soare, etl,2011). These neurons modulate the autonomic and hormonal control of heat production and heat loss. This allows for the constant maintenance of core body temperature when the environment temperature changes (Soare, etl,2011). When the core body temperature is at an ideal temperature, the internal organs and the bodily systems work at their best. The ideal temperature to be at is 98.6 F. Having it below 96 F or over 100 F the organs and systems will not work properly. Exercise sessions performed 2-3 times a week can help improve cardiovascular fitness (White, 2013). Not being active enough increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other disorders. Over time, exercise reduces cardiovascular risk, reduces blood pressure and decreases insulin resistance (Cohen, 2013). The cardiovascular system is a direct beneficiary of increased physical activity. Exercise can minimize the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system and improve circulation, heart function, blood fat lipid levels, and reduce blood pressure. On the other hand, people who live a sedentary life are more prone to cardiovascular disease (Exercise for ... ...s that exercise will have on the body. Oxygen demand increases when doing a physical activity. This causes the person to breath heavy. During exercise, the respiratory rate will elevate and might remain elevated after heavy exercise for up to 1–2 h. During strenuous exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume increase to about 90% of their maximum values. The body can never use oxygen at a higher rate than the rate at which the cardiovascular system can transport oxygen to the tissues (Burton, 2004). Staying physically fit will lose body fat, increase energy, and improve confidence (Bergen, 2013). To prevent weight gain, 150-250 minutes of moderate exercise a week is recommended. People that exercise have decrease in body fat and an increase in quality of life. Their energy level was also measured and they scored higher than the controlled group (Burnham, 2002).

Portia the Control Freak – Merchant of Venice

I would love to write a critical essay about the role of Portia in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Merchant of Venice,† hailing her as one of Shakespeare’s greatest contributions to the society of the sane; however, I find this impossible after re-reading the text. At first, I hung on her every word and was amazed at her wit, but later I found her to be just another Shakespearean psycho. Basically, I understood Portia to be nothing less than an obedient daughter obeying the whims of her dead, over-protective father. She speaks in terms of respect about the coffin ritual, and the reader believes her to be sincere. Later as her character s unfolded, the reader sees a wife in love with the husband who was wise enough to earn her love (and consequently her fortune! ). Beware, gentle reader! Do not fall under the spell of Portia the control freak! The following scenerios must be proof that this woman is not to be trusted! First of all, let’s evaluate the scene where Portia and Bassanio are before the caskets where Bassanio must make his choice. The dialogue directly preceeding the finding of the casket is basic lover’s speech, but wait! Listen carefully to what Portia says: â€Å"If you do love me, you will find me out† (III ii 41). Portia leads Bassanio to elieve that the choice he makes in the caskets is his own. She leads the reader to believe that Bassanio’s love for her is the only force which leads to the discovery of the correct casket. However, earlier when Portia is speaking of the preparations for the casket choice, she speaks of music which is to be played while Bassanio makes his choice. Ok, this seems innocent enough; but examine the song–the first two lines of the song rhyme with lead! It doesn’t take long for the subliminal message to be absorbed in Bassanio’s brain, and the lead casket is chosen. This manipulative device is an indication to me that Portia has a need to make things go her way. She is afraid that Bassanio will make the wrong choice, and therefore assists him. Point #2. Portia creates a way of controlling the future of the relationship between herself and Bassanio. Portia gives Bassanio a ring with the words, â€Å"I give you this ring, which when you part from, lose, or give away, / Let it presage the ruin of your love†. Of course, Bassanio gives away the ring first chance he gets. Portia later makes known that the man he gave the ring to was her, and she proceeds to scold Bassanio for his lack of love. Bassanio is trapped! No matter hat he does for the rest of their relationship, in his mind will remain the idea that Portia is watching! This is a clever device invented by Mr. Shakespeare; however, it does display a certain obsessive, manipulative air about Portia. Hmmmmm†¦. Lastly, I would like to take a venture. I was wondering earlier while reading the â€Å"Merchant of Venice† why Shakespeare used the doppel- ganger technique in his presentation of Nerissa and Portia. Nerissa follows Portia about and makes the same decisions Portia does. Nerissa is not as bright as Portia, and yet she meets the same ultimate fate as Portia. I am wondering if Shakespeare could have used Nerissa to point out the manipulative characteristics of Portia. It is true that one way that manipulative people feed is through weaker people who uphold them and their values. If anyone has any insight on this thought, let me know! Well, there you have it. My true feelings on Portia. Sure she is to be admired in some aspects, but perhaps as all great archetypes she has her foibles and faults. If anyone finds anything about the aforementioned aspects of Portia’s character, please let me know. I have had not luck finding Anything about Portia on the web. Thanks.

Example a Level Psychology Experiment Essay

Hypothesis – there will be a significant positive relationship between the scores on a memory test and scored on a test to predict your chance of being a millionaire Null Hypothesis – there will be no significant relationship between scores on a memory test and scores on a test measuring the chances of becoming a millionaire and any relationship is due to chance Method: Design – the method of the experiment was a correlational study; this was used in order to see whether there was a relationship between the scores on a memory test and scores on a millionaire test. The experiment used co variables, which were the score on the memory test and score on the millionaire test. Controls – in order ensure the test was reliable the extraneous variables needed to be controlled. Standardised instructions were used as a control to give all participants the same instructions during the experiment, which meant that the experimenter did not affect the communication of the instructions by changing them for each participant which reduces the amount on experimenter bias. A further control that was used was using anonymous data by assigning each participant a number to record that data on a table, rather than using individual’s names. Participants – the target population for the experiment were young people in the Gosport area of each gende r. The sampling method was an opportunity sample of 10 students aged 17-18 both males and females (2 males and 8 females) at Bay House Sixth Form from an A Level Psychology class and the researcher was a Psychology teacher at Bay House Sixth Form. Apparatus and Materials – the materials used for the experiment were a list of 34 words created by the researcher that were projected onto the board, paper and pens provided for the participants to record the number of words they remembered, a watch to time the one minute period of remembering and writing down the words, an online questionnaire to measure likelihood of becoming a millionaire at bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/surveys/millionaire1/index.shtml Procedure – the participants were firstly given an explanation of the research and what the study would entail for them. They were them given the equipment they required to complete the memory test whilst remaining anonymous and were given standardise instructions by the researcher of how to complete the test and the rules of the research. The participants were then shown the list of 34 words to memorise by projecting the list on the board and where given one minute to memorise as many words as possible. The words were then hidden and the researcher projected instructions to the participants to write down all the words they remembered and they were given one minute to do so. The number of words memorised were recorded by the researcher by assigning each participant with a number and they stated out loud their score. The participants were then asked to move to a computer room to complete an online survey to test their likelihood of becoming a millionaire, after they completed the questionnaire the participants had to record their score next to their memory score on a board. The participants were then debriefed by the researcher. Ethics – there were few ethical issues in the experiment as informed consent was gained by the researcher to ensure the participants were given instructions and the aim of the research. Therefore, there was no deception in the research and so the integrity of the study was intact during the memory and millionaire tests. Furthermore, all the participants were over 16 and so there was no need for the researcher to obtain parental consent for the study. Participants were also given the right to withdraw before and during the research, therefore the participants were not pressured to take part or complete the study if they were not comfortable with the terms of the research or what the data was being used for. However, there may be ethical issues regarding the wellbeing of the participants during the research as the study may have caused stress or anxiety in the participants when completing the memory or millionaire tests because they may feel the pressure to do well in each test, although the research was anonymous and so this may have reduced the amount of stress caused by the study. Scatter Graph for Data: The scatter graph shows that there is a weak negative correlation between memory test scores and millionaire test scores, which means that it does not necessrily prove our hypothesis that there will be a significant postive relationship between the two co variables. Therefore, the hypothesis needs to be rejected and the null hypothesis can be accepted as the null hypotehsis reflects what our results show on the scatter graph. The graph can also help identify outliers, as the partipant that scored significantly higher on the memory test and lower on this millionaire test could be regarded as an outlier as it does not follow the pattern of the other data found from the research. Evaluation: Design – the design that was used in this research was correlational, which is good as allows us to identify if there is a relationship between two co variables as well as allowing research to be conducted that cannot be done in a lab experiment as is would not be viable. However, correlational studies do not show cause and effect between the two co variables and so it cannot be stated that having a good memory will cause a person to become a millionaire in the future as it could just as easily be that being a millionaire causes a person to have a good memory. Sample – the sample that as used in this study was very small, as only 10 people took part in the research; also the participants were psychology students. Therefore due to the small sample and the specific type of participant the results may not be able to be generalised to the wider population. Furthermore, gender may have been an issue with the sample as there were only 2 males, whereas there were 8 females, therefore there was not an equal mix of each gender and so the results cannot be generalised. Tests – the tests that were used in the study were a memory test created by the researcher and an online questionnaire to predict that chance that the participants would have of becoming a millionaire. The memory test was good as it used standardised instructions, meaning that the test was more reliable as the same instructions were shown to all participants at the same time, which reduces the amount on researcher bias and means that participants can query any confusion they have. Moreover, the standardise instructions mean that there is high control in the research and so the results are reliable. The millionaire test may have had some issues as the closed questions that were used may have not provided an applicable answer, resulting in participants answering questions incorrectly which may have an effect on the results.

The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Essays

The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Essays The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Paper The representation of the working class northern man in Billy Elliot and The Full Monty Paper Essay Topic: Film The Piano Lesson Everyone has a stereotyped view about some one else, we prejudge people all the time, whether its because of their background, how they look or where they come from. In Billy Elliot and The Full Monty the director challenges the stereotype of the working class northern man; we see the men as the typical stereotype and the ways in which they over come it as the film progresses. I intend to explore the representation of these men in the two films, and show how the working class northern man alters to our stereotype on them. We get stereotypes from a number of different places, the way we are brought up and what our parents tell us has a major influence on what we think of them. We are also brain washed by the media, newspapers have their own opinions on the working class northern man and we also see it on television programs such as Coronation Street which is also set up North. My personal views on the working class northern man and the opinion I have accumulated from such sources are that, they find it hard to express their emotions and are quite aggressive and violent. The stereotype also includes that the working class northern man is sexist for example believing that the role of a women is in the house doing the typical household chores- which we see reference to this in The Full Monty. The stereotype also includes that they are proud, prejudice, traditional and not very well educated- speaking with a dialect, a lot of these men are quite poor so wouldnt be able to afford to go to school and would have to be out to work at a young age. No stereotype is false without truth behind it, we still see aspects of the stereotype in the film but we also see them overcoming these stereotypes and in a way, becoming modernised and less traditional. Beginning with Billy Elliot, the film is set in the 1980s during the miners strike which as can be imagined, caused a lot of poverty, tension and distrust between the strikers, police and scabs ( the name given to those who carried on working in the mines during the strike). The whole situation was very violent, every day police had to escort the scabs to the mines in fear of them being hurt by the strikers. The first time we see the picket line, the miners are shown in a de-humanised way. As there are so many of them, the director has given a birds eye view of the picket line, portraying the men as animals. We also see close ups of some of the men, de-picking expressions of their faces, the hatred and the anger they are feeling, giving the viewer a closer, more personal look at what emotions are going through these men at the time. This scene shows how masculine these men are, how aggressive and true to the stereotype there are by being abusive and violent- hurling fruits at the buses full of scabs. This scene is a good insight to Billys life, and as we see, further on in the film how his life is split between the dancing and his family in the miners strike. As I mentioned before, the common stereotype of the northern class working man, is that he is the man of the house, he is the one that earns the money and puts bread on the table, this is typical in Billy Elliot. Jackie is the father and in charge of the family, he has a lot of pride and has his own prejudice of, that it is a mans job to earn the money. The miners strike would have effected everyone, in particular the men, they were the ones that went out to work in the mines and once on strike no money would be coming in, we see this in Billy Elliot- the family are on strike and therefore have very little money to buy food. This brings out a lot of anger and frustration in both Jackie and Tony. Following on with Billys character, he is the central role and even though he is not fully a working class northern man. I would like to explore the way, as a young boy or a child in this type of society, he still differs from his family, yet keeping some traits that he accumulated from his up bringing. Billy is a caring boy, the way he is the only one that looks after his grandmother, he makes her food and takes care of her. He is understanding towards her being senile. His mother is dead, and later on in the film we see him looking after her grave and always remembering her by playing the piano, he trys hard at boxing even though hes rubbish so he doesnt let down his dad, and towards the end of the film we see him giving Michael a kiss good bye. He is not afraid to show his emotions and is very caring for a young boy, especially compared to his brother and father. However, he does have some parts of the stereotype in him, he can be quite aggressive, as we see when hes at the ballet school and hits the young boy. He has prejudices on other people, although not as much as his father and brother have. At the beginning of the film he is determined that boxing is for boys and ballet is for girls, once he crosses over to like ballet. We see a change in him and wants to make sure that Just cos I like ballet doesnt mean Im a puff which he tells Michael at Christmas, when he starts getting the wrong ideas! Billy has more self-control in himself than his father and how you would typical say a working class northern man has. His life is split in two, with his ballet life and his home life. A good example of how we see this is the way that every time he is dancing or happy his life switches back by a sudden noise. When he enters the house after his meeting with the dancing teacher, the bang of the door and its like a sudden flash, back to reality- as if hes living in his own little world, a sharp noise and it snaps him back to real life and his situation. His dancing is to escape his problems at home, the miners strike, his poverty it makes him feel electric like electricity. Its a means of expressing what he is feeling, without shouting or violence. We see this on numerous occasions during the film. Take, for example, the scene where the dance teacher comes to tell Jackie and Tony about Billys dancing audition. They cant believe he likes ballet and an argument arises between Tony and the dance teacher. Theres a good use of scene cutting here, we see Billy standing on the table above everyone else as hes not like this and wont rise to shouting. The scene then cuts to him in an outdoor loo, the director gives the sense that he is caged in, using metaphor, as this is exactly what he is. As the shouting gets more and more between Tony and dance teacher, Billy erupts and breaks the walls of the loo, bursting out dancing. Hes, in a way, erupting out of his brain, out of his life, hes so frustrated that he just wants to dance and prove to everyone. This is the turning of the film, once everyone realises that hes serious we start to see a change in Jackie and Tonys attitude towards him. Furthermore, as I mentioned before, Billys way of expressing is feelings is to dance. The very first private lesson with his teacher is a key scene in the film language of the film. We first see a long shot of the dance teacher by the window, the director has shown how lighting techniques and camera angles can give different atmospheres. In this scene all this contributes to a sense of nervousness and anticipation, a contrast to the noise and excitement of the boxing during the morning in the previous scene, this is a lot more mysterious and secretive. Even though Billy is never typically like the common stereotype of the working class northern man, he still has traits, which of course he would have considering his background. He still swears and gets aggressive at time, is determined in his dancing. Nethertheless we still see a change in him, he still had to overcome his prejudices in believe ballet was for girls, being quite sexist. By the end of the film, he is not afraid to show his emotions, he understands what Michael is (are references to his sexuality during the film). We still see how he is un-educated and hasnt got a very broad mind than others in the audition scene. Theres a lot of tension and embarrassment in the fact that Billy doesnt really know what to say or understands what he is being asked replying with dunno all the time. Coming from a poor working class background and speaking with a dialect makes him different from people living in London, he has his stereotyped views on people there thinking that there are snobbish and cant really understand them. Like when we see him punch the boy after his audition, we really see the difference between people in London- upper class families to those in the North in working class families. Billy is the one character though out the film, that differs from every one else. Hes young and interested in the world around him, he wants to make something of himself and get away from the poverty that surrounds him. In my opinion hes the one that changes people, he makes Tony and Jackie realise where there prioritys lie and that not everything evolves around the miners strike. He changes and becomes even more independent, not afraid to ask and to show what he is. And by the end of the film we see how he is, hes done what he wanted to do, gained respect. Grown from a boy to a man. And hes not a puff! Following on with Jackies character, Billy and Tonys father. He is very much the man of the house; hes had to take on the role of the mother and father, after his wife has died. He is what you would call the typical working class northern man. Hes proud in believing that its his job to earn the money, and wont accept charity from the dance teacher to pay for the journey to London. Hes sexist in saying that ballet is for girls, lads do boxing, football wrestling, not frigging ballet. He cant understand why Billy would want to do ballet instead of boxing like he and his father did. His pride has been hurt, and he probably thinks Billys doing it against him, hes traditional in this way as well. Hes also aggressive and quite violent, when we see him with all the other miners on the picket line hurling abusive at the scabs. When see him shouting at Billy on several occasions at the start of the film, when Billy is playing the piano and Jackie shouts at him, and during the middle of the film we see the incident where he hits Tony. I think he sometimes struggles to keep his status and needs to make sure that everyone knows whos boss. In contrast to this, we do see Jackies sensitive side and the part that goes against the stereotype. After the scene with him shouting at Billy we see him change and put a 50p on the fridge for his boxing, so he doesnt go out the house feeling angry with him. We see this side from very early on but only does it change further on in the film when he realises Billy is serious on ballet. He overcomes his personal views about the issue and trys to talk to Billy about it. An extremely powerful scene with Jackie is when he decides to go back to work, be a scab, so that he can get money for Billy to go for his audition. He wants to do whats right and help Billy, he realises that he doesnt know anything about Billy he could be a genius for all we know. When Tony realises what his father his doing he chases after him, Jackie breaks down. He knows the situation he is in, Tony re- assures him that well get the money some how. Jackie is the father, and knows he is the only one that can provide for the family, hes older and is less excited than Tony about the strike. Hes wise and wants to do whats best. Throughout the film we see Jackie cry a total of 3 times, on the picket line, at Christmas and happy crying when he sees Billy in London in a show. The director challenges his stereotype the most, we all know he is the character that most typically resembles the working class northern man. To show how he differs from it, the director as made him change. Making the viewer see how he isnt totally like the brand, we have put on him. He has a sensitive side, and on those 3 occasions isnt afraid or embarrassed to show it. He is only human, after all! The third male in Billys family and that can be classed, as a working class northern man is Tony. He is a lot older than Billy and therefore hasnt got very many things on common. Hes a rebel and excited for the strike, to him its a game and he wants to use violence and abuse at the scabs. In several scenes we see that hes very negative and thinks hes right he blocks out Billy incredibly and only when Jackie accepts the ballet does Tony. One of the scenes that reflects Tonys character and the position he is in, is the scene where we see him running away from the police. Music is used effectively here, The Clashs London Calling- a loud a rebellious song, a perfect choice reflecting upon Tonys character and the scene itself giving it atmosphere and character. We can see how Tony is excited and enjoying the chase, running through houses and washing. This is probably the only scene that we see Tony acting slightly younger than he is through out the film, this chase is like a game to Tony- like a small child. The whole chase seems quite childish, and is a nice link to Billy, as we see Billy running a lot- the director has shown that despite all their arguments Tony and Billy have some similarities. The scene ends with the police catching up with Tony, this time they are being de-humanised, stand all in one big mass, beating on their shields sounding quite tribal, a massive difference from the chase minutes before- which was quite fun, it has now turned rather nasty. We see this a lot during the film, how Billys life changes suddenly from being happy with the dancing, to the natural truth of his life- his familys situation in the miners strike. Similarly to Jackie, Tony has trouble when dealing with his emotions, and prefers to be abusive than talk for example when Billy asked what Tony thought about death he just replied with F*** off. This giving the impression that he was quite arrogant and thought he was better than Billy (because hes older), and doesnt want to answer his questions or even talk to him. Two key scenes reflect Tonys sensitive, one with Jackie as he breaks down on the picket line and right at the end when Tony mouths Ill miss you to Billy. Like is mentioned before the scene with both Jackie and Tony on the picket line is a very powerful emotional scene. We see how the roles are reversed and Tony has to comfort his father reassuring him that everything will be ok. On the other hand, in my view he seems rather embarrassed and slightly worried about what hes friends would think if his father became a scab. However, we do see this caring side to him, along with the scene at the end, as Billy departs on his way to ballet school. Tony trys to act hard through out the film, trying to maintain his stereotype. The director has represented him as a fill in to the family, he is in between Jackie and Billy. Despite his very masculine approach to everything and thinking hes better than every one else, we see a different side to him in the scene when his father hits him. Personally, I find that there is quite a struggle between Jackie and Tony as to who is man of the house, both of them are un-employed and that weakens Jackie. This scene is powerful, there is no music and its set in the darkness of the kitchen, creating an atmosphere. Tony wants to go out and do some damage to the scabs but Jackie wont let him, he calls him a disgrace and tells him your nothing since mum died, this is the trigger and Jackie hits him. Its an action to punish him for what he has said and also to put him in his place. Jackie wants to make sure Tony realises whos boss and he does, Tony doesnt hit him back after a pure sign of respect. Tony is probably the one person that I feel doesnt change as much as Billy or Jackie, we do see him differing from his stereotype but not as much. Hes still very much, the aggressive, abusive, rebellious person you would imagine. None the less, he does begin to respect Billy and he loses his prejudices of ballet, whereas before he thought that, like Jackie did, ballet is for girls. We see a more caring and sensitive side to him as the film progress, he becomes more understanding and more adult- realises his situation and position, like Jackie does. There are a couple of other characters in Billy Elliot film that should be mentioned because there are working class northern men and I would like to show how not all are typically like their stereotype. Take for instance Michael. Hes the complete opposite to how the stereotype is, hes very feminine and not afraid to show it, hes caring and compassionate towards Billy. We see him experimenting with his sisters make-up and clothes, and puts on a tu-tu that Billy gets for him, at Christmas. He has his own prejudices, as he thinks that because Billy likes ballet he must be homosexual. Hes really not what you would expect from a person in that society but of course it happens and the director has given Michael as a good example of this. Even in that situation some people are different and have hardly any qualities of the stereotyped view of the working class northern man. Another person in Billy Elliot classed as the northern class working man, who actually, because of his situation, differs from the classic stereotype. The dance teachers husband is a middle-class man, they live in a good area, with a bigger house than Billys family, however he has been made redundant. Which shows that it wasnt just the working class people that were unemployed in the 1980s, middle class people were made re-dundatent maybe because of the lack of produce beign sold and not being able to pay for extra employees? In this example, the roles are reversed and the dance teacher is still at work whereas her husband isnt, she is the main earner in the house, this going against the stereotype as being the man is proud and is the provider. The dance teachers husband, doesnt seem to mind, he realises the situation the miners are in and is disinterested. A common feeling men would have been feeling in that situation ( as we see later in The Full Monty) some men just seemed to give up believing that, that was it. Looking at film language in Billy Elliot, I have found that each character is represented in a different way, Billy is always wearing quite bright colours and in lots of scenes with him in there is music which reflects upon is personality. Whereas Jackie and Tonys characters are more mysterious and even though there is a scene where everyone is dancing to the same tune there isnt as much happy filming with them. The use of scene cutting between the miners and Billy dancing is used to great effect creating a massive contrast between the two, making the miners scene more powerful and effective. The use of long shot camera angle is good as well, the classic part in the film of Billy running up the hill and later with his father doing the same. Looking at the very last scene of the film, an extremely moving piece. The film has moved on about 7-10 years, we see Jackie has aged, having grey hair. They have come to watch Billy in a performance of Swan Lake (a link from when the dance teacher took Billy to played him the piece of music). Little is said by Billy as he waits in the wings, the music of the ballet piece is played and we see Billy warming up and getting ready to go on. The music and the way Billy is acting builds up incredible tension and enthusiasm. The scene cuts to Jackie and back again, we see Billy rush on stage and the scene cuts back to Jackie where he gasps/crys in amazement. We see a close up on his face to see his sense of pride and astonishment. The film ends with a picture of Billy mid air, in a jump. Personally, I feel this last scene is the most memorable of the whole film, I was really into it. The way it has been filmed really gets the viewer to actually believe what is going on. It feels as if your Billy and Jackie, feeling nervous, excited and amazed. Best part of the film for me!

How to Write a Book Blurb that Sells (with Examples)

How to Write a Book Blurb that Sells (with Examples) How to Write a Book Blurb: A Guide for Novelists Last updated: 09/12/2018Creating a book blurb, while still technically writing, is closer to a science than an art. The blurb that appears on the back cover of your book, and on your Amazon page, will either:Work by convincing readers to take a chance on it, orFail to engage your target readers.In that sense, a good blurb is anything but subjective. In this post, three publishing editors have shared their secret behind writing the best blurb for your novel.What is a blurb?A blurb is a short description of a book that is written for promotional purposes. Traditionally, it would be found on the inside back cover of a hardback. As paperback publishing developed, readers began seeing the blurb appearing on the back cover. Generally, 150-200 words are more than enough for a full blurb.In the modern publishing landscape, where more books are being purchased online than in bricks and mortar stores, you are more likely to encounter blurbs on the product page of Amazon or any other digital re tailer. Sometimes, you will hear them referred to as ‘book descriptions.’ So now that we have our basic definition out of the way, let’s roll up our sleeves and get to work.How to write a book blurb in 4 stepsâ€Å"The opening of your blurb has to be incredibly precise and dynamic,† says editor Rebecca Heyman. â€Å"For a lot of first-time authors, I think there's an instinct to make sure readers understand everything that happened in the book’s universe before the beginning of the actual story. That's generally a mistake.†So if it shouldn’t set the stage for a reader who’s about to dive into your book, what should your blurb do?Without further ado, here's how to write a blurb in 4 steps. Read this: "How to write a novel's blurb in 4 steps" 1. Introduce your main character(s)At its core, novels are a storytelling medium, and that means your blurb has to be about characters. Consciously or not, readers check out the synopsis to see whether they want to spend time with your main characters. They don’t need to know their entire backstory, though - just enough to understand how they figure into the story’s primary conflict...2. Set the stage for your primary conflictThe primary conflict is what drives your story. It’s Harry Potter doing battle against Voldemort and his minions, FBI Agent Clarice Starling negotiating with Hannibal Lecter, or Captain Ahab’s obsessive vendetta against a whale. Without a real-world conflict, you don’t have a story readers can sink their teeth into. This blurb is a lot shorter than the previous examples. It’s a perfect introduction to the hard-boiled, no-nonsense narration style of the books. The short sentences and sardonic interjections (â€Å"Not much of a welcome† and â€Å"not a chance in hell†) might read like clichà ©s, but they capture a traditional hero in the Bogart mold.Also, the blurb gives us a sense of the setting. There’s no reason the reader should be aware of Margrave, but its repetition and context let us know that this is not a friendly town. Without having to spell it out, we can tell that Jack Reacher is about to encounter some small-minded locals.Of course, there are plenty of books to draw inspiration from. Just reach up on to your bookshelf and pull down your favorite book - see how they go about establishing characters, stakes, and conflict.As you’ve hopefully seen, your blurb is one of your book's biggest sales influencers, and it demands as much, if not more, attent ion than any other part of your marketing plan. The time and effort you put into refining and testing your blurb is money in the bank.What are some of the best book blurbs you’ve seen on an Amazon page or on a back cover? Share them in the comments below and tell us why you like them.

Agricultural Settlers and the Great Plains Essay

Agricultural Settlers and the Great Plains - Essay Example Those who remained in the region supplemented their farming income from railway construction and other economic activities. These settlers who remained exhibited their abilities to adapt to the local environment (Adamson, 1998 p39). The sustainability of grain farming was of the doubt due to the frequent droughts that were experienced in this region. Sometimes the areas received low crop yield that was not enough to support life. Farmers, therefore, recognized the need to let the land to lie fallow for some time. During this period, livestock farming became dominant activity on the land (Adamson, 1998 p63). Depending on the settlers’ activities on the land, they grouped themselves into Indians of the Great Plains; Wagon Trains, Railroads, and Ranchers; The Cattle Kingdom; Mythic West and Buffalo Bill; Homesteaders; and the Tribal Cultures such as Wounded Knees and the Ghost Dance (Adamson, 1998 p55). For example, the cattle Kingdom comprised of Cattle Towns and the Cowboys lifestyle was the culture in this region. In summary, Great Plains is a region that is dominated by agricultural activities, both crop and animal farming. Earlier settlers came into this region by the opportunity to acquire land, and to practice agriculture as a source of income. Settlers in this region are characterized by the type of economic activity they practice on the land. For example, there are ranchers, Indians, The Cattle Kingdom and Homesteaders. The Paris Peace Conference is the meeting that was held to sign peace deals with defeated nations after World War 1. It was held in Paris France in 1919 and attended by delegates from more than twenty-nine nations (Adamson, 1998 p105). The key leaders and Nations which led this meeting include; Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, George Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy  (Adamson, 1998 p106). Other countries in attendant include China, Canada, Ukraine, and Australia.